contentprovider的学习实例总结

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-02 06:45:00 发布

chr8880

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-02 06:45:00 发布

阅读量611

点赞数

分类专栏： Android代码解析文章标签： string null android 数据库 email date

Android代码解析专栏收录该内容

25 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

原文:http://my.oschina.net/haquanwen/blog/54390点击打开链接

工作中遇到了contentprovider数据共享机制，下面来总结一下：

一、ContentProvider简介
当应用继承ContentProvider类，并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法，就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据，但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同，如：采用文件方式对外共享数据，需要进行文件操作读写数据；采用sharedpreferences共享数据，需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
二、Uri类简介
Uri代表了要操作的数据，Uri主要包含了两部分信息：1.需要操作的ContentProvider ，2.对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作，一个Uri由以下几部分组成：

1.scheme：ContentProvider（内容提供者）的scheme已经由Android所规定为：content://。
2.主机名（或Authority）：用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider，外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。
3.路径（path）：可以用来表示我们要操作的数据，路径的构建应根据业务而定，如下：
• 要操作contact表中id为10的记录，可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10
• 要操作contact表中id为10的记录的name字段， contact/10/name
• 要操作contact表中的所有记录，可以构建这样的路径:/contact
要操作的数据不一定来自数据库，也可以是文件等他存储方式，如下:
要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点，可以构建这样的路径：/contact/name
如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri，可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法，如下：
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")
三、UriMatcher、ContentUrist和ContentResolver简介
因为Uri代表了要操作的数据，所以我们很经常需要解析Uri，并从Uri中获取数据。Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类，分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。掌握它们的使用，会便于我们的开发工作。

UriMatcher：用于匹配Uri，它的用法如下：
1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上，如下：
//常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码(-1)。
UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
//如果match()方法匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径，返回匹配码为1
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);//添加需要匹配uri，如果匹配就会返回匹配码
//如果match()方法匹配 content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/230路径，返回匹配码为2
uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);//#号为通配符

2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后，就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配，如果匹配就返回匹配码，匹配码是调用addURI()方法传入的第三个参数，假设匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径，返回的匹配码为1。

ContentUris：用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分，它有两个比较实用的方法：
• withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分
• parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分

ContentResolver：当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时，可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成，要获取ContentResolver 对象，可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver使用insert、delete、update、query方法，来操作数据。
四、ContentProvider示例程序
Manifest.xml中的代码：

 
     01<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
 
     02                <activity android:name=".TestWebviewDemo" android:label="@string/app_name">
 
     03                        <intent-filter>
 
     04                                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
 
     05                                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
 
     06                        </intent-filter>
 
     07                        <intent-filter>
 
     08                                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" />
 
     09                        </intent-filter>
 
     10                        <intent-filter>
 
     11                                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" />
 
     12                        </intent-filter>
 
     13                         
 
     14                </activity>
 
     15                <provider android:name="MyProvider" android:authorities="com.ruixin.login" />
 
     16        </application>

需要在<application></application>中为provider进行注册！！！！
首先定义一个数据库的工具类：

 
     01public class RuiXin {
 
     02 
 
     03        public static final  String DBNAME = "ruixinonlinedb"; 
 
     04        public static final  String TNAME = "ruixinonline";
 
     05        public static final  int VERSION = 3;
 
     06         
 
     07        public static String TID = "tid";
 
     08        public static final  String EMAIL = "email";
 
     09        public static final  String USERNAME = "username";
 
     10        public static final  String DATE = "date";
 
     11        public static final  String SEX = "sex";
 
     12         
 
     13         
 
     14        public static final  String AUTOHORITY = "com.ruixin.login";
 
     15        public static final  int ITEM = 1;
 
     16        public static final  int ITEM_ID = 2;
 
     17         
 
     18        public static final  String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login";
 
     19        public static final  String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login";
 
     20         
 
     21        public static final  Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTOHORITY + "/ruixinonline");
 
     22}

然后创建一个数据库：

01 public class DBlite extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

02         public DBlite(Context context) {

03                 super(context, RuiXin.DBNAME, null, RuiXin.VERSION);

04                 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

05         }

06         @Override

07         public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

08                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub

09                         db.execSQL("create table "+RuiXin.TNAME+"(" +

10                                 RuiXin.TID+" integer primary key autoincrement not null,"+

11                                 RuiXin.EMAIL+" text not null," +

12                                 RuiXin.USERNAME+" text not null," +

13                                 RuiXin.DATE+" interger not null,"+

14                                 RuiXin.SEX+" text not null);");

15         }

16         @Override

17         public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

18                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub

19         }

20         public void add(String email,String username,String date,String sex){

21                 SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();

22                 ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

23                 values.put(RuiXin.EMAIL, email);

24                 values.put(RuiXin.USERNAME, username);

25                 values.put(RuiXin.DATE, date);

26                 values.put(RuiXin.SEX, sex);

27                 db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,"",values);

28         }

29 }

接着创建一个Myprovider.java对数据库的接口进行包装：

 
         001public class MyProvider extends  ContentProvider{
 
         002 
 
         003        DBlite dBlite;
 
         004        SQLiteDatabase db;
 
         005         
 
         006        private static final  UriMatcher sMatcher;
 
         007        static{
 
         008                sMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
 
         009                sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY,RuiXin.TNAME, RuiXin.ITEM);
 
         010                sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY, RuiXin.TNAME+"/#", RuiXin.ITEM_ID);
 
         011 
 
         012        }
 
         013        @Override
 
         014        public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
 
         015                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         016                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
 
         017                int count = 0;
 
         018                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
 
         019                case RuiXin.ITEM:
 
         020                        count = db.delete(RuiXin.TNAME,selection, selectionArgs);
 
         021                        break;
 
         022                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
 
         023                        String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
 
         024                        count = db.delete(RuiXin.TID, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(RuiXin.TID="?")?"AND("+selection+')':""), selectionArgs);
 
         025                    break;
 
         026                default:
 
         027                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         028                }
 
         029                getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
 
         030                return count;
 
         031        }
 
         032 
 
         033        @Override
 
         034        public String getType(Uri uri) {
 
         035                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         036                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
 
         037                case RuiXin.ITEM:
 
         038                        return RuiXin.CONTENT_TYPE;
 
         039                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
 
         040                    return RuiXin.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
 
         041                default:
 
         042                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         043                }
 
         044        }
 
         045 
 
         046        @Override
 
         047        public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
 
         048                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         049                 
 
         050                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
 
         051                long rowId;
 
         052                if(sMatcher.match(uri)!=RuiXin.ITEM){
 
         053                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         054                }
 
         055                rowId = db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,RuiXin.TID,values);
 
         056                   if(rowId>0){
 
         057                           Uri noteUri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
 
         058                           getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
 
         059                           return noteUri;
 
         060                   }
 
         061                   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         062        }
 
         063 
 
         064        @Override
 
         065        public boolean onCreate() {
 
         066                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         067                this.dBlite = new DBlite(this.getContext());
 
         068//                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();
 
         069//                return (db == null)?false:true;
 
         070                return true;
 
         071        }
 
         072 
 
         073        @Override
 
         074        public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
 
         075                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
 
         076                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         077                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();                
 
         078                Cursor c;
 
         079                Log.d("-------", String.valueOf(sMatcher.match(uri)));
 
         080                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
 
         081                case RuiXin.ITEM:
 
         082                        c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null);
 
         083                 
 
         084                        break;
 
         085                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID:
 
         086                        String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
 
         087                        c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"AND("+selection+')':""),selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
 
         088                    break;
 
         089                default:
 
         090                        Log.d("!!!!!!", "Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         091                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri);
 
         092                }
 
         093                c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
 
         094                return c;
 
         095        }
 
         096        @Override
 
         097        public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
 
         098                        String[] selectionArgs) {
 
         099                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
         100                return 0;
 
         101        }
 
         102}

最后创建测试类：

 
         01public class Test extends  Activity {
 
         02    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 
         03   private DBlite dBlite1 = new  DBlite(this);;
 
         04        private ContentResolver contentResolver;
 
         05                    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 
         06                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
         07                setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
         08                //先对数据库进行添加数据
 
         09            dBlite1.add(email,username,date,sex);
 
         10            //通过contentResolver进行查找
 
         11             contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver();
 
         12            Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(
 
         13                  RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] {
 
         14                  RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME,
 
         15                  RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null);
 
         16                while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
 
         17                     Toast.makeText(
 
         18                    TestWebviewDemo.this,
 
         19                    cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL))
 
         20                            + " "
 
         21                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME))
 
         22                            + " "
 
         23                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE))
 
         24                            + " "
 
         25                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)),
 
         26                           Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 
         27                     }
 
         28                   startManagingCursor(cursor);  //查找后关闭游标
 
         29            }
 
         30        }

注：上面是在一个程序中进行的测试，也可以再新建一个工程来模拟一个新的程序，然后将上面查询的代码加到新的程序当中！这样就模拟了contentprovider的数据共享功能了！
新建个工程：TestProvider
创建一个测试的activity

 
         01public class Test extends  Activity {
 
         02    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 
         03        private ContentResolver contentResolver;
 
         04                    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 
         05                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
         06                setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
         07               
 
         08            //通过contentResolver进行查找
 
         09              contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver();                     
 
         10             Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(
 
         11                RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] {
 
         12                RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME,
 
         13                RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null);
 
         14            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
 
         15               Toast.makeText(TestWebviewDemo.this,
 
         16                       cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL))
 
         17                       + " "
 
         18                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME))
 
         19                       + " "
 
         20                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE))
 
         21                       + " "
 
         22                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)),
 
         23                       Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 
         24                   }
 
         25                   startManagingCursor(cursor);  //查找后关闭游标
 
         26            }
 
         27        }