浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化

 

浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化
	RHEL7	RHEL6
文件系统	XFS	EXT4
内核版本	3.10.x-x系列	2.6.x-x系列
内核名称	Maipo	Santiago
发布时间	2014-06-09（3.10.0-123）	2010-11-09（2.6.32-71）
进程名称	systemd	init
运行级别	runlevel0.target->poweroff.target runlevel1.target->rescue.target runlevel2.target->multi-user.target runlevel3.target->multi-user.target runlevel4.target->multi-user.target runlevel5.target->graphical.target runlevel6.target->reboot.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target	runlevel0 runlevel1 runlevel2 runlevel3 runlevel4 runlevel5 runlevel6 /etc/inittab
主机名称	/etc/hostname	/etc/sysconfig/network
最大文件	500TB	16TB
检查工具	xfs.repair	e2fsck
启动工具	GRUB2	GRUB0.97
服务启动	Systemd	Upstart
服务管理	systemctl enable xxx.service systemctl start xxx.service systemctl stop xxx.service systemctl restart xxx.service 兼容chkconfig，service命令	service enable xxx.service service stop xxx.service service start xxx.service chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on
防火墙	Firewalld兼容Iptables	Iptables
网络绑定	Team Driver	Bonding
网络时间	Chrony，ntpd	ntpd
NFS版本	NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端	NFS4
集群管理工具	Pacemaker	Rgmanager
负载均衡工具	Keepalived，HAProxy	Rgmanager
桌面环境	GNOME3,KDE4.10	GNOME2
数据库	MariaDB	MySQL
RHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化
订阅信息	RHEL7	RHEL6
订阅信息工具	subscription-manager identity	/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid  subscription-manager identity
配置订阅信息	subscription-manager rhn_register	rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity
基本配置	RHEL7	RHEL6
GUI配置工具	gnome-control-center	system-config-*
网络配置工具	nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor	system-config-network
语言配置工具	localectl	system-config-language
时间配置工具	timedatectl date	system-config-date date
时间同步	ntpdate /etc/chrony.conf	ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf
键盘配置	localectl	system-config-keyboard
服务管理	RHEL7	RHEL6
服务列表	systemctl -at service ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service	chkconfig  ls /etc/init.d/
服务启动	systemctl start name.service	service name start
服务停止	systemctl stop name.service	service name stop
服务查看	systemctl status name.service	service name status
服务重启	systemctl restart name.service	service name restart
服务开机自启	systemctl enable name.service	chkconfig name on
服务开机不自启	systemctl disable name.service	chkconfig name off
添加服务	systemctl daemon-reload	achkconfig --add
服务列表查看	systemctl -t service --state=active	service --status-all
查看运行级别	systemctl get-default	runlevel
修改运行级别	systemctl isolate name.target init runlevel	init runlevel
日志文件	/etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal/ /etc/systemd/journald.conf	/etc/rsyslog.conf
查看日志文件	/var/log/	/var/log/journalctl
内核硬件	RHEL7	RHEL6
启动提示符	append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline	append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
关闭系统	systemctl shutdown	shutdown
关闭电源	systemctl poweroff	poweroff
挂起系统	systemctl halt	halt
重启系统	systemctl reboot	reboot
修改运行级别	systemctl set-default	/etc/inittab
配置GRUB	/etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig grub-set-default	/boot/grub/grub.conf
软件管理	RHEL7	RHEL6
安装软件包	yum install  yum group install	yum install  yum groupinstall
查看软件包	yum info yum group info	yum info yum groupinfo
文件系统	RHEL7	RHEL6
建立文件系统	fdisk parted gdisk	fdisk parted
LVM管理	vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs	vgextend lvextend resize2fs
网络接口配置	RHEL7	RHEL6
配置名称	/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf nmcli conmod	/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf
主机名称配置	/etc/hostname hostnamectl nmcli	/etc/sysconfig/network
Ip地址配置	ip addr  nmcli dev  show  teamdctl  brctl  bridge	ip add ifconfig brctl
配置防火墙	firewall-cmd firewall-config	iptables&ip6tables /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables system-config-firewall
查看端口命令	ss lsof	netstat ss lsof

 

关闭firewall：

firewall-cmd --state #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
init 6  #重启虚拟机，然后再输入第一条命令查看防火墙状态

修改DNS：

编辑网卡配置文件，添加：DNS1,DNS2

列出所有可用单元

# systemctl list-unit-files

列出所有运行中单元

# systemctl list-units

列出所有失败的单元

[root@master ~]# systemctl --failed

检查某个单元是否启用

[root@master ~]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld.service

查看某个服务（单元）的状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

启动、重启、停止、重载服务

# systemctl start httpd.service
# systemctl restart httpd.service
# systemctl stop httpd.service
# systemctl reload httpd.service
# systemctl status httpd.service

激活/禁止自动启动

# systemctl enable httpd.service
# systemctl disable httpd.service

杀死服务

# systemctl kill httpd

使用Systemctl控制并管理挂载点：

systemctl list-unit-files --type=mount

# systemctl start tmp.mount
# systemctl stop tmp.mount
# systemctl restart tmp.mount
# systemctl reload tmp.mount
# systemctl status tmp.mount

# systemctl is-active tmp.mount
# systemctl enable tmp.mount
# systemctl disable tmp.mount

# systemctl mask tmp.mount

使用Systemctl控制并管理套接口

# systemctl list-unit-files --type=socket

# systemctl start cups.socket
# systemctl restart cups.socket
# systemctl stop cups.socket
# systemctl reload cups.socket
# systemctl status cups.socket

# systemctl is-active cups.socket
# systemctl enable cups.socket
# systemctl disable cups.socket

# systemctl mask cups.socket

使用Systemctl管理服务的CPU利用率

# systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service

# systemctl set-property httpd.service CPUShares=2000
# systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service

# systemctl show httpd

其他

# systemd-analyze critical-chain httpd.service

# systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service

# systemd-cgls
# systemd-cgtop

# systemctl emergency

# systemctl reboot
# systemctl halt
# systemctl suspend
# systemctl hibernate
# systemctl hybrid-sleep