MR WordCount类基本解析

一个最简单的WordCount解析：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred
public class WordCount {
public static class Map extends MapReduceBase implements
Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
//这个Mapper中前两个参数对应map方法中的input key/value
//后两个参数对应于输出的OutputCollect类型

private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();

public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
OutputCollector<Text, Writable> output, Reporter reporter)
                throws IOException {
            String line = value.toString();
            StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
            while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
                output.collect(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

public static class Reduce extends MapReduceBase implements
            Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterator<IntWritable> values,
                OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)
                throws IOException {
            int sum = 0;
            while (values.hasNext()) {
                sum += values.next().get();
            }

        output.collect(key, new IntWritable(sum));
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //配置Job
        JobConf conf = new JobConf(WordCount.class);
        //设置Job名称
        conf.setJobName("wordcount");
        //设置输出键值类型
        conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        //指定Map/Reduce处理类
        conf.setMapperClass(Map.class);
        conf.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);
        //指定TextInputFormat类为输入方式，该类将文件分解为行，并以换行或回车符作为行结尾
        //并以文件中偏移量为键，以每行内容作为值
        /*An InputFormat for plain text files. 
        Files are broken into lines. 

    Either linefeed or carriage-return are used to signal end of line. 
    Keys are the position in the file, and values are the line of text.. 
    */
    conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
    //指定该输出格式为TextOutputFormat,该类为写入一个文本文件
    conf.setOutputFormat(TextOutputFormat.class);
    //指定要解析的数据及输出文件路径
    FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));
    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));
    //提交Job
    JobClient.runJob(conf);
}

}

几个重要接口：
1.InputFormat（可以指定）:指定输入源如何解析
将输入源分割为InputSplit（不可指定），使用RecordReader（不可指定）将每个InputSplit转化为输入记录
2.Mapper（用户定义）
3.Combiner（在map节点上，用户可以定义）将在Map之后进行，可以减少网络传输
4.Paritioner（在reduce节点，用户可以定义）将确定map后的结果谁来执行
5.Sort Map之后包括到partition后将有一次归并排序过程，Partition和Sort过程即是shuffle过程
6.reduce （用户定义）