3Sum Closest

Given an array S of n integers, find three integers in S such that the sum is closest to a given number, target. Return the sum of the three integers. You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.

For example, given array S = {-1 2 1 -4}, and target = 1.

The sum that is closest to the target is 2. (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2).

描述：给定一个数组和一个目标值target。求在数组中存在3个数的和最接近target

解决思路：初始化res=nums[0]+nums[1+nums[2],而后对于每个nums[i],执行下列过程

（1）for i from 0 to nums.size()-3。每个nums[i],其实start=i+1，end=nums.size()-1,求tmp=nums[i]+nums[start]+nums[end]的和

（2）如果abs(tmp-target)<abs(res-target),则说明tmp比res更接近target，更新res。

（3）如果tmp==target，则直接返回。否则if tmp>target--->end--;else tmp<target--->start++,这样是的tmp和target更接近。

class Solution {
public:
    int threeSumClosest(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
    
    int len=nums.size();
    sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());//sort the nums
    int res=nums[0]+nums[1]+nums[2];//init
    int sum_tmp;//保存临时和
    int left,right;
    for(int i=0;i<len-2;i++)
    {
        left=i+1;
        right=len-1;
        while(left<right)
        {
            sum_tmp=nums[i]+nums[left]+nums[right];
            if(abs(sum_tmp-target)<abs(res-target))
                res=sum_tmp;
            if(sum_tmp<target)
                left++;
            else if(sum_tmp>target)
                right--;
            else
                return target;
        }
    }
    return res;
    }
};