背包问题（hdu 2602）

Bone Collector

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 42848    Accepted Submission(s): 17852

Problem Description

Many years ago , in Teddy’s hometown there was a man who was called “Bone Collector”. This man like to collect varies of bones , such as dog’s , cow’s , also he went to the grave …
The bone collector had a big bag with a volume of V ,and along his trip of collecting there are a lot of bones , obviously , different bone has different value and different volume, now given the each bone’s value along his trip , can you calculate out the maximum of the total value the bone collector can get ?

 

Input

The first line contain a integer T , the number of cases.
Followed by T cases , each case three lines , the first line contain two integer N , V, (N <= 1000 , V <= 1000 )representing the number of bones and the volume of his bag. And the second line contain N integers representing the value of each bone. The third line contain N integers representing the volume of each bone.

 

Output

One integer per line representing the maximum of the total value (this number will be less than 2 ³¹).

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   1
5 10
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   14
  
  

 

用子问题定义状态：即f[i][v]表示前i件物品恰放入一个容量为v的背包可以获得的最大价值。则其 状态转移方程便是：

f[i][v]=max{ f[i-1][v], f[i-1][v-w[i]]+v[i] }。

可以压缩空间，f[v]=max{f[v],f[v-w[i]]+v[i]}

这个方程非常重要，基本上所有跟背包相关的问题的方程都是由它衍生出来的。所以有必要将它详细解释一下：“将前i件物品放入容量为v的背包中”这个子问题，若只考虑第i件物品的策略（放或不放），那么就可以转化为一个只牵扯前i-1件物品的问题。如果不放第i件物品，那么问题就转化为“前i-1件物品放入容量为v的背包中”，价值为f[i-1][v]；如果放第i件物品，那么问题就转化为“前i-1件物品放入剩下的容量为v-w[i]的背包中”，此时能获得的最大价值就是f [i-1][v-w[i]]再加上通过放入第i件物品获得的价值v[i]。

注意f[v]有意义当且仅当存在一个前i件物品的子集，其费用总和为f[v]。所以按照这个方程递推完毕后，最终的答案并不一定是f[N] [V]，而是f[N][0..V]的最大值。如果将状态的定义中的“恰”字去掉，在转移方程中就要再加入一项f[v-1]，这样就可以保证f[N] [V]就是最后的答案。至于为什么这样就可以，由你自己来体会了。

代码实现：

#include "iostream"
#include "cstring"
using namespace std;
#define MAXSIZE 1000
int A[MAXSIZE+1][MAXSIZE+1],B[MAXSIZE+1][MAXSIZE+1];
int vol[MAXSIZE+1],val[MAXSIZE+1];
int F(int n ,int v)
{
    if(n==0)
	    return 0;
    if(!A[n][v]&&v>=vol[n])
        A[n][v]=F(n-1,v-vol[n])+val[n];
    if(!B[n][v])
	    B[n][v]=F(n-1,v);
    return A[n][v]>B[n][v]?A[n][v]:B[n][v];
}
int main()
{
    int T,N,V;
    cin>>T;
    while(T--)
    {
        memset(A,0,sizeof(A));
        memset(B,0,sizeof(B));
        cin>>N>>V; 
        for(int i=1;i<=N;i++)
            cin>>val[i];
        for(int i=1;i<=N;i++)
		    cin>>vol[i];
        cout<<F(N,V)<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}