Android GPS定位（获取经纬度）

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-12 16:10:07 发布

chuanao8829

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-12 16:10:07 发布

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文章标签：移动开发 java

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/JiangTun/blog/897650

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简述：

Android 定位一般有四种方法，这四种方式分别是：GPS定位，WIFI定位，基站定位，AGPS定位。

本篇博文主要记录一下GPS定位：这种方式需要手机支持GPS模块硬件支持。通过GPS方式准确度是最高的，但是它的缺点也非常明显：

1、比较耗电；

2、绝大部分用户默认不开启GPS模块；

3、从GPS模块启动到获取第一次定位数据，可能需要比较长的时间；

4、室内几乎无法使用。

这其中，缺点2,3都是比较致命的。

GPS定位优点：GPS走的是卫星通信的通道，在没有网络连接的情况下也能使用。

GPS定位：

GPS定位流程

（1）配置权限：

添加如下权限：

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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission..ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

（2）获取LocationManager类型对象：

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LocationManager mLocationManager =(LocationManager) mContext.getSystemService (Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

(3) 获取最佳位置定位方式pProvider：(这步可有可无，根据情况而定)

mLocationManager.getBestProvider(mCriteria,true); mCriteria为Criteria类型的对象，包含精度、是否返回高度、方位、速度等信息。创建Criteria对象示例：

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/** this criteria needs highaccuracy, high power, and cost */
public static CriteriacreateFineCriteria() {
Criteriac = new Criteria();
c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);//高精度
c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//包含高度信息
c.setBearingRequired(true);//包含方位信息
c.setSpeedRequired(true);//包含速度信息
c.setCostAllowed(true);//允许付费
c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_HIGH);//高耗电
return c;
}

(4) 实现LocationListener接口：可以采用内部类（MyLocationListener）或匿名类方式实现，重写接口方法.

(5) 创建MyLocationListener对象mLocationListener，并添加监听：

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mLocationListener =new MyLocationListener();
mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(pProvider, MIN_TIME_UPDATE,MIN_DISTANCE_UPDATE, mLocationListener);

(6) 使用完释放监听：

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mLocationManager.removeUpdates(mLocationListener);

该方法执行的位置需要特别注意，如果是在Activity对象中，则需要考虑Activity的生命周期，onPause方法中比较合适，因为onStop、onDestroy两个方法在异常情况下不会被执行。
(7) 如果需要监听GPS卫星状态，则需要实现GpsStatus.Listener接口，并创建对象、添加监听、使用完后释放监听：

实现接口：

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private class MyGpsStatusListener implements GpsStatus.Listener；

创建对象：

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MyGpsStatusListener mGpsStatusListener = new MyGpsStatusListener();

添加监听：

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mLocationManager.addGpsStatusListener (mGpsStatusListener;

释放监听：

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mLocationManager.removeGpsStatusListener(mGpsStatusListener);

案例实现：

全部代码贴出来：

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package com.lzy.gpslocation;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Criteria;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.location.LocationProvider;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.fastaccess.permission.base.PermissionHelper;
import com.fastaccess.permission.base.callback.OnPermissionCallback;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnPermissionCallback {
private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
private static final String GPS_LOCATION_NAME = android.location.LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
private static final int REQUEST_PRESSMION_CODE = 10000;
private final static String[] MULTI_PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION};
private LocationManager locationManager;
private boolean isGpsEnabled;
private String locateType;
private TextView textLocationShow;
private Button btnLocation;
//权限检测类
private PermissionHelper mPermissionHelper;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initData();
initViews();
}
/**
* 方法描述：初始化定位相关数据
*/
private void initData() {
//获取定位服务
locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
//判断是否开启GPS定位功能
isGpsEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(GPS_LOCATION_NAME);
//定位类型：GPS
locateType = locationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
//初始化PermissionHelper
mPermissionHelper = PermissionHelper.getInstance(MainActivity.this);
}
/**
* 方法描述：初始化View组件信息及相关点击事件
*/
private void initViews() {
textLocationShow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_location_show);
btnLocation = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_location);
btnLocation.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
getLocation();
}
});
((Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_skip)).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,ThirdActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
private void getLocation() {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission
(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
mPermissionHelper.request(MULTI_PERMISSIONS);
return;
}
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locateType); // 通过GPS获取位置
if (location != null) {
updateUI(location);
}
// 设置监听*器，自动更新的最小时间为间隔N秒(1秒为1*1000，这样写主要为了方便)或最小位移变化超过N米
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locateType, 100,0,
locationListener);
}
private LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
/**
* 位置信息变化时触发:当坐标改变时触发此函数，如果Provider传进相同的坐标，它就不会被触发
* @param location
*/
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onLocationChanged函数被触发！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
updateUI(location);
Log.i(TAG, "时间：" + location.getTime());
Log.i(TAG, "经度：" + location.getLongitude());
Log.i(TAG, "纬度：" + location.getLatitude());
Log.i(TAG, "海拔：" + location.getAltitude());
}
/**
* GPS状态变化时触发:Provider被disable时触发此函数，比如GPS被关闭
* @param provider
* @param status
* @param extras
*/
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
switch (status) {
//GPS状态为可见时
case LocationProvider.AVAILABLE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onStatusChanged：当前GPS状态为可见状态", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
//GPS状态为服务区外时
case LocationProvider.OUT_OF_SERVICE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onStatusChanged:当前GPS状态为服务区外状态", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
//GPS状态为暂停服务时
case LocationProvider.TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onStatusChanged:当前GPS状态为暂停服务状态", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
/**
* 方法描述：GPS开启时触发
* @param provider
*/
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onProviderEnabled:方法被触发", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
getLocation();
}
/**
* 方法描述： GPS禁用时触发
* @param provider
*/
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}
};
/**
* 方法描述：在View上更新位置信息的显示
*
* @param location
*/
private void updateUI(Location location) {
double longitude = location.getLongitude();
double latitude = location.getLatitude();
textLocationShow.setText("当前经度：" + longitude + "\n当前纬度：" + latitude);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
mPermissionHelper.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
mPermissionHelper.onActivityForResult(requestCode);
}
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted(@NonNull String[] permissionName) {
getLocation();
Log.i("onPermissionGranted", "Permission(s) " + Arrays.toString(permissionName) + " Granted");
}
@Override
public void onPermissionDeclined(@NonNull String[] permissionName) {
}
@Override
public void onPermissionPreGranted(@NonNull String permissionsName) {
}
@Override
public void onPermissionNeedExplanation(@NonNull String permissionName) {
}
@Override
public void onPermissionReallyDeclined(@NonNull String permissionName) {
}
@Override
public void onNoPermissionNeeded() {
}
}

代码封装：

高效的开发者绝对不会做重复的代码的事情。那么可以编写一个GPS定位管理类，将公共的功能逻辑封装好实现模块化，在activity中实现差异化的内容。

1、GPSLocationListener:利用Java面向接口编程的方式定义该接口用于实时监听数据回调

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import android.location.Location;
import android.os.Bundle;
/**
* 类描述：供外部实现的接口
* Created by lizhenya on 2016/9/12.
*/
public interface GPSLocationListener {
/**
* 方法描述：位置信息发生改变时被调用
*
* @param location 更新位置后的新的Location对象
*/
void UpdateLocation(Location location);
/**
* 方法描述：provider定位源类型变化时被调用
*
* @param provider provider的类型
* @param status provider状态
* @param extras provider的一些设置参数（如高精度、低功耗等）
*/
void UpdateStatus(String provider, int status, Bundle extras);
/**
* 方法描述：GPS状态发生改变时被调用（GPS手动启动、手动关闭、GPS不在服务区、GPS占时不可用、GPS可用)
*
* @param gpsStatus 详见{@link GPSProviderStatus}
*/
void UpdateGPSProviderStatus(int gpsStatus);
}

2、GPSLocation：实现动态地实时更新位置坐标信息、状态信息

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import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
/**
* 类描述：实现LocationListener的子类，同时实现自己的接口调用
* Created by lizhenya on 2016/9/12.
*/
public class GPSLocation implements LocationListener {
private GPSLocationListener mGpsLocationListener;
public GPSLocation(GPSLocationListener gpsLocationListener) {
this.mGpsLocationListener = gpsLocationListener;
}
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
if (location != null) {
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateLocation(location);
}
}
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateStatus(provider, status, extras);
switch (status) {
case LocationProvider.AVAILABLE:
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateGPSProviderStatus(GPSProviderStatus.GPS_AVAILABLE);
break;
case LocationProvider.OUT_OF_SERVICE:
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateGPSProviderStatus(GPSProviderStatus.GPS_OUT_OF_SERVICE);
break;
case LocationProvider.TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE:
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateGPSProviderStatus(GPSProviderStatus.GPS_TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE);
break;
}
}
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateGPSProviderStatus(GPSProviderStatus.GPS_ENABLED);
}
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
mGpsLocationListener.UpdateGPSProviderStatus(GPSProviderStatus.GPS_DISABLED);
}
}

3、GPS状态信息类

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/**
* 类描述：GPS状态类
* Created by lizhenya on 2016/9/12.
*/
public class GPSProviderStatus {
//用户手动开启GPS
public static final int GPS_ENABLED = 0;
//用户手动关闭GPS
public static final int GPS_DISABLED = 1;
//服务已停止，并且在短时间内不会改变
public static final int GPS_OUT_OF_SERVICE = 2;
//服务暂时停止，并且在短时间内会恢复
public static final int GPS_TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE = 3;
//服务正常有效
public static final int GPS_AVAILABLE = 4;
}

4、GPSLocationManager:实现GPS定位的初始化、GPS定位的启动和终止

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import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
/**
* 类描述：GPS定位的管理类
* Created by lizhenya on 2016/9/12.
*/
public class GPSLocationManager {
private static final String GPS_LOCATION_NAME = android.location.LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
private static GPSLocationManager gpsLocationManager;
private static Object objLock = new Object();
private boolean isGpsEnabled;
private static String mLocateType;
private WeakReference<Activity> mContext;
private LocationManager locationManager;
private GPSLocation mGPSLocation;
private boolean isOPenGps;
private long mMinTime;
private float mMinDistance;
private GPSLocationManager(Activity context) {
initData(context);
}
private void initData(Activity context) {
this.mContext = new WeakReference<>(context);
if (mContext.get() != null) {
locationManager = (LocationManager) (mContext.get().getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE));
}
//定位类型：GPS
mLocateType = locationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
//默认不强制打开GPS设置面板
isOPenGps = false;
//默认定位时间间隔为1000ms
mMinTime = 1000;
//默认位置可更新的最短距离为0m
mMinDistance = 0;
}
public static GPSLocationManager getInstances(Activity context) {
if (gpsLocationManager == null) {
synchronized (objLock) {
if (gpsLocationManager == null) {
gpsLocationManager = new GPSLocationManager(context);
}
}
}
return gpsLocationManager;
}
/**
* 方法描述：设置发起定位请求的间隔时长
*
* @param minTime 定位间隔时长（单位ms）
*/
public void setScanSpan(long minTime) {
this.mMinTime = minTime;
}
/**
* 方法描述：设置位置更新的最短距离
*
* @param minDistance 最短距离（单位m）
*/
public void setMinDistance(float minDistance) {
this.mMinDistance = minDistance;
}
/**
* 方法描述：开启定位（默认情况下不会强制要求用户打开GPS设置面板）
*
* @param gpsLocationListener
*/
public void start(GPSLocationListener gpsLocationListener) {
this.start(gpsLocationListener, isOPenGps);
}
/**
* 方法描述：开启定位
*
* @param gpsLocationListener
* @param isOpenGps 当用户GPS未开启时是否强制用户开启GPS
*/
public void start(GPSLocationListener gpsLocationListener, boolean isOpenGps) {
this.isOPenGps = isOpenGps;
if (mContext.get() == null) {
return;
}
mGPSLocation = new GPSLocation(gpsLocationListener);
isGpsEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(GPS_LOCATION_NAME);
if (!isGpsEnabled && isOPenGps) {
openGPS();
return;
}
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext.get(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission
(mContext.get(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
Location lastKnownLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(mLocateType);
mGPSLocation.onLocationChanged(lastKnownLocation);
//备注：参数2和3，如果参数3不为0，则以参数3为准；参数3为0，则通过时间来定时更新；两者为0，则随时刷新
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(mLocateType, mMinTime, mMinDistance, mGPSLocation);
}
/**
* 方法描述：转到手机设置界面，用户设置GPS
*/
public void openGPS() {
Toast.makeText(mContext.get(), "请打开GPS设置", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 15) {
Intent intent = new Intent(
Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
mContext.get().startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
}
}
/**
* 方法描述：终止GPS定位,该方法最好在onPause()中调用
*/
public void stop() {
if (mContext.get() != null) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext.get(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext.get(),
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
locationManager.removeUpdates(mGPSLocation);
}
}
}

GPS管理类的使用：在Activity中Oncreate（）方法中进行初始化和开启定位，在onPause()方法中终止定位

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import android.app.Activity;
import android.location.Location;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.lzy.gpslocation.location.GPSLocationListener;
import com.lzy.gpslocation.location.GPSLocationManager;
import com.lzy.gpslocation.location.GPSProviderStatus;
/**
* Created by lizhenya on 2016/9/12.
*/
public class ThirdActivity extends Activity {
private TextView text_gps_3;
private Button btn_gps_3;
private GPSLocationManager gpsLocationManager;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_third);
initData();
}
private void initData() {
gpsLocationManager = GPSLocationManager.getInstances(ThirdActivity.this);
text_gps_3 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_gps_3);
btn_gps_3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_gps_3);
btn_gps_3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//开启定位
gpsLocationManager.start(new MyListener());
}
});
}
class MyListener implements GPSLocationListener {
@Override
public void UpdateLocation(Location location) {
if (location != null) {
text_gps_3.setText("经度：" + location.getLongitude() + "\n纬度：" + location.getLatitude());
}
}
@Override
public void UpdateStatus(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
if ("gps" == provider) {
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "定位类型：" + provider, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
public void UpdateGPSProviderStatus(int gpsStatus) {
switch (gpsStatus) {
case GPSProviderStatus.GPS_ENABLED:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "GPS开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case GPSProviderStatus.GPS_DISABLED:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "GPS关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case GPSProviderStatus.GPS_OUT_OF_SERVICE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "GPS不可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case GPSProviderStatus.GPS_TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "GPS暂时不可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case GPSProviderStatus.GPS_AVAILABLE:
Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "GPS可用啦", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
//在onPause()方法终止定位
gpsLocationManager.stop();
}
}