CyclicBarrier原理

使用CyclicBarrier时，一般都是如下用法，多个线程，然后各线程中调用CyclicBarrier的await()方法，示例如下：

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

    private static int SIZE = 3;

    private static CyclicBarrier cb;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        cb = new CyclicBarrier(SIZE);
        for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
            new MyTask().start();
        }

    }

    static class MyTask extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {

                System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在执行同一个任务");
                // 以睡眠来模拟几个线程执行一个任务的时间
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行任务完成，等待其他线程执行完毕");
                // 用来挂起当前线程，直至所有线程都到达barrier状态再同时执行后续任务；
                cb.await();

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("所有线程写入完毕");

        }

    }

}

画图示意如下： 

 

看ReentrantLock 以下源码， CyclicBarrier 类中有变量

private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();

可以推测出其实现依赖于ReentrantLock。

public class CyclicBarrier {
   
    private static class Generation {
        boolean broken = false;
    }

   
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
   
    private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();
    
    private final int parties;
    
    private final Runnable barrierCommand;
    
    private Generation generation = new Generation();

   
    private int count;

    ……省略其他

}

下面进行详细分析，再看CyclicBarrier的await方法：

private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        //调用重入锁进行加锁，加锁成功后，继续向下执行，加锁失败后，会进入重入锁的同步队列中，进行等待
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;

            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int index = --count;
            //如果index=0，则意味着“所有线程到达barrier”
            if (index == 0) {  // tripped
                boolean ranAction = false;
                try {
                    final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                    if (command != null)
                        command.run();
                    ranAction = true;
                    nextGeneration();
                    return 0;
                } finally {
                    if (!ranAction)                  
                        breakBarrier();
                }
            }

            // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        //调用重入锁的condition的await方法，释放锁（这里释放锁后，其他线程调用CyclicBarrier的await方法时，才能获取到锁），并进入重入锁的条件队列，等待被唤醒
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
                        // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
                        // "belong" to subsequent execution.
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

 breakBarrier()方法源码：

private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        //唤醒条件队列中的线程
        trip.signalAll();
    }

CyclicBarrier.await()方法中，会调用lock.lock()获取锁，假如线程1获取锁成功，那线程2和线程3会进入重入锁的同步队列中，等待获取锁：

线程1执行CyclicBarrier.await()方法，当调用到trip.await()时会释放锁，并进入ReentrantLock的条件队列，然后唤醒同步队列中第一个线程，即线程2获取到锁开始执行：

 

线程2执行时，当调用到trip.await()时会释放锁，并进入ReentrantLock的条件队列，然后唤醒同步队列中第一个线程，即线程3获取到锁开始执行：

 

线程3执行时，当调用int index = --count后，会index会变为0，那么if (index == 0)判断语句就成立了 ，并会执行 breakBarrier()，该方法中会调用trip.signalAll();将条件队列中的所有线程，即线程1和线程2移入同步队列，线程3释放锁之后，线程1和线程2依次获取锁执行。