spring拦截器

原理实现：

1.编写拦截器类实现HandlerInterceptor接口。

实现HandlerInterceptor接口的preHandle，postHandle，afterCompletion方法。

preHandle返回为true,继续执行请求，返回false请求将被终止。

postHandle的ModelAndView 可改变视图，或发往视图的方法。

在springmvc框架中注册拦截器才能使用。

实现多个拦截器：

 <mvc:interceptors>
          <bean class="com.interceptor.UserInterceptor" />

            <bean class="com.interceptor.UserInterceptor2" />
    </mvc:interceptors> 

实现的顺序：

先执行preHandle1，再执行preHandle2.

先执行postHandle2，再执行postHandle1

先执行afterCompletion2，再执行afterCompletion1

2编写拦截器类实现WebRequestInterceptor接口。

实现WebRequestInterceptor接口的preHandle，postHandle，afterCompletion方法。

区别HandlerInterceptor

（1）方法参数不一样

（2）preHandle方法没有返回值。

应用场景：（HandlerInterceptor实现）

解决乱码和解决权限的问题。

（1）解决乱码：在preHandle方法的请求目标对象args.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

（2）解决权限问题：preHandle方法增加

if(arg0.getSession().getAttribute("user"){

arg0.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(arg0,arg1);

return false;

}

完整例子实现：

1.web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>victoria_01</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <!-- 配置编码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
</web-app>

2.spring-mvc.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc     
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"  >

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"></context:component-scan>
    
    <!-- 拦截器配置 -->
 
    <mvc:interceptors>
      <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/**" />
          <bean class="com.interceptor.UserInterceptor" />
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors> 
</beans>

3.Controller类

package com.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public void list(HttpServletRequest request){
        System.out.println("=====list======");
    }
  
}
 

4.拦截类：重写HandlerInterceptor 的实现方法。

package com.interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

public class UserInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    

        @Override  
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse arg1,  
                Object arg2) throws Exception {  //arg2拦截的对象
              System.out.println("=======preHandle====");
              return true;
        }  
        
        @Override  
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,  
                Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {  
             System.out.println("=======postHandle====");
      
        }  
         @Override  
         public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,  HttpServletResponse response, Object arg2, Exception a)  
                    throws Exception {  
             System.out.println("=======afterCompletion====");
         }  

}
5.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>victoria</title>
</head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color: khaki}
</style>
<body>
    查询所有：<br>
    <a href="user/list">List All</a><br><br>s
</body>
</html>

6.输出结果

=======preHandle====
=====list======
=======postHandle====
=======afterCompletion====

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/yangfeima/blog/908299