spring注入基于java的构造函数注入和属性注入以及java的反射机制
1.java的构造函数注入和属性注入
注入指的是A类需要调用B类的对象,如何将B类的对象传入到A类中
1.1构造函数注入
public class A {
private B b;
//构造函数注入
public A(B b) {
this.b = b;
}
}
1.2属性注入
public class A {
private B b;
//属性注入
public void setB(B b) {
this.b = b;
}
}
1.3 java反射机制
spring之所以可以通过配置,就能实例化并装载程序所用的Bean,原因是使用的java类反射功能。
java反射:Class文件由类装载器装载之后,在JVM中形成一份描述Class结构的元信息对象,通过该元信息对象可以获知Class的结构信息:如构造函数、属性和方法等。
java反射例子:
被反射的Car类
package com.baobaotao.reflect;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private String color;
private int maxSpeed;
//1.默认构造函数
public Car() {}
//2.带参构造函数
public Car(String brand, String color, int maxSpeed) {
this.brand = brand;
this.color = color;
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
//3.没有带参数的方法
public void introduce() {
System.out.println("brand:"+brand+";color:"+color+";maxSpeed:"+maxSpeed);
}
public String getBrand() {
return this.brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public String getColor() {
return this.color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public int getMaxSpeed() {
return this.maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
}
反射调用:
package com.baobaotao.reflect;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class ReflectTest {
public static Car initByDefaultConst() throws Throwable {
//通过类装载器获得Car类
ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
Class clazz = loader.loadClass("com.baobaotao.reflect.Car");
//获取类的默认构造函数对象并通过它实例化Car
Constructor cons = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null);
Car car = (Car)cons.newInstance();
//通过反射方法设置属性
Method setBrand = clazz.getMethod("setBrand", String.class);
setBrand.invoke(car, "红旗CA72");
Method setColor = clazz.getMethod("setColor", String.class);
setColor.invoke(car, "黑色");
Method setMaxSpeed = clazz.getMethod("setMaxSpeed", int.class);
setMaxSpeed.invoke(car, 200);
return car;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
Car car = initByDefaultConst();
car.introduce();
}
}
2.spring通过xml定义Bean,并实现注入
2.1通过属性注入
基础类:
package com.baobaotao.reflect;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
private int maxSpeed;
public Car() {}
public Car(String brand, double price, int maxSpeed) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price= price;
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public void introduce() {
System.out.println("brand:"+brand+";price:"+price+";maxSpeed:"+maxSpeed);
}
public String getBrand() {
return this.brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public String getPrice() {
return this.price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getMaxSpeed() {
return this.maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
}
在spring的核心配置文件中注入如下:
<bean id="car" class="com.baobaotao.reflect.Car">
<property name="maxSpeed"><value>200</value></property>
<property name="brand"><value>福特锐界</value></property>
<property name="price"><value>300000.00</value></property>
</bean>
Bean中的每一个属性对应一个<property>标签,在spring中拥有对应的setter方法,maxSpeed对应setMaxSpeed(),brand对应setBrand(),spring只检查对应的bean中是否有相应的setter方法,至于Bean中是否含有相应的属性不做要求。
2.2 通过构造函数注入
基础类:
package com.baobaotao.reflect;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
private int maxSpeed;
public Car(String brand, double price, int maxSpeed) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
}
在spring的核心配置文件中注入如下:
<bean id="car" class="com.baobaotao.reflect.Car">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String">
<value>福特锐界</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="double">
<value>300000.00</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="int">
<value>200</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
2.3使用注解定义bean
package com.baobaotao.anno;
package org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDao {
}
上面和<bean id="userDao" class=" com.baobaotao.anno.UserDao"/>是一致的,spring提供了三个注解和Component等效:@Reposity对Dao实现类进行注解,@Service对service实现类进行注解,@Controller对Controller实现类进行注解,可以用@Component替换这些注解,但是最好不要这样做,生成bean之后就可以在其他类中使用@Autowired完成注入:
@Service
public class loginService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
}