文件IO-2-CSDN博客

Open原型

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int open(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode);

flags - 相互之间支持 | 操作:

O_TRUNC : 截断打卡
O_RDONLY : 只读打开
O_WRONLY : 只写打开
O_RDWR : 读写打开
O_APPEND : 每次写都加到文件尾端
O_CREAT : 若文件不存在则创建

mode - 操作权限，八进制，如 0666 等

lseek原型

#include <sys/types.h>  //off_t
#include <unistd.h>

off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence)

whence:

1. SEEK_SET, 文件偏移量 = 0 + offset;
2. SEEK_CUR, 文件偏移量 = 当前偏移量 + offset;
3. SEEK_END, 文件偏移量 = 文件长度 + offset;

注意，除非指定O_APPEND，否则打开文件的时候，偏移量会被设置为0; 对于普通文件，偏移量是非负值，但是设备文件等偏移量可以是负值。所以测试lseek返回值需要注意，要测试是否等于-1，不能测试是否小于0.

dup、dup2

#include <unistd.h>

int dup(int fd);
int dup2(int fd, int newfd);

1. 都是用来复制文件描述符；新的文件描述符跟旧文件描述符共享一个文件表项；
2. dup返回新的可用的最小文件描述符；
3. dup2返回指定的文件描述符newfd，如果newfd已经打开，则先关闭；

测试：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>  /*read / write / close / dup ...*/
#include <fcntl.h>   /*open*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAXSIZE 100

int main(char argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd, curpos, newpos, endpos;;
    char buf[MAXSIZE] = {"This is my first test!\n"};

    /* write text to the file */
    if ( ((fd = open("./txt", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666)) < 0))
        perror("open error!\n");

    if (write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
		perror("write error!\n");

    /* test lseek */
    curpos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
    newpos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    endpos = lseek(fd, 10, SEEK_END);
    printf(" !! curpos: %d; newpos: %d; endpos: %d\n", curpos, newpos, endpos);

    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    strcpy(buf, "I will write this at the beginning!\n");
    if (write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf))
        perror("write error!\n");

    /* we can use od the dump the txt file - */
    printf("could you find the %d(endpos-curpos) holds?\n", (endpos - curpos));
    system("od -c txt");

    /* test dup & dup2*/
    int preferfd = 10;
    int newfd;

    newfd = dup(fd);
    dup2(fd, preferfd);
    
    printf("\n fd %d\n", fd);
    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
    printf("%s\n", buf);

    printf("\n newfd %d\n", newfd);
    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    read(newfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
    printf("%s\n", buf);

    printf("\n preferfd %d\n", preferfd);
    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    read(preferfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
    printf("%s\n", buf);

    close(fd);
    close(newfd);
    close(preferfd);

    return 0;
}

测试结果：

!! curpos: 23; newpos: 0; endpos: 33
could you find the 10(endpos-curpos) holds?
0000000   T   h   i   s       i   s       m   y       f   i   r   s   t
0000020       t   e   s   t   !  \n  \0  \0  \0  \0  \0  \0  \0  \0  \0
0000040  \0   I       w   i   l   l       w   r   i   t   e       t   h
0000060   i   s       a   t       t   h   e       b   e   g   i   n   n
0000100   i   n   g   !  \n
0000105

 fd 3
This is my first test!


 newfd 4
This is my first test!


 preferfd 10
This is my first test!

注意：文件中是可以有“空洞”的

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/1252361/blog/155887