springBoot学习笔记十二：Spring Data JPA

一、项目说明

项目环境：jdk1.8+tomcat8+idea2018+mysql5.7+navicat

源代码github地址：

实现目标：通过整合jpa，实现数据库的增，删，改，查操作。

二、整合说明

（1）通过idea等方式创建springBoot模板项目

（2）在pom.xml文件中添加相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--jpa依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--druid连接池依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.28</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

（3）在 application.properties中添加数据库和jpa配置

#mysql数据库配置
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/root?serverTimezone=CTT&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&allowMultiQueries=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

#jpa配置
#控制台显示sql
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
#数据库类型
spring.jpa.database=mysql
#项目启动时根据实体类更新数据库中的表
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
#数据库方言
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect

（4）在navicat中创建root数据库

        注：不用建表，表会通过启动项目时自动创建

（5）在entity中创建User

package com.example.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 用户实体类
 */
//name对应数据库中的表
@Entity(name = "user")
public class User {

    @Id     //对应数据库id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)     //主键自动生成策略
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name = "name")      //对应数据库普通字段
    private String name;
    @Column(name = "sex")
    private String sex;
    @Column(name = "age")
    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User(Integer id, String name, String sex, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

（6）在service下创建UserDao

package com.example.service;

import com.example.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户dao
 */
//JpaRepository中包含了很多常用的方法，如分页，保存，删除等
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Integer> {

    /**
     * 根据用户id查询用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    User getUserByIdEquals(Integer id);

    //自定义sql
    /**
     * 根据性别和年龄段查询用户(参数绑定方式一)
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @Query("select u from user u where u.sex=:sex and u.age>:age")
    List<User> getUserBySexAndAge(@Param("sex") String sex, @Param("age") Integer age);

    /**
     * 根据姓名和年龄段查询用户(参数绑定方式二)
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @Query("select u from user u where u.name like %?1% and u.age>?2")
    List<User> getUserByNameAndAge(String name, Integer age);
}

（7）在impl下创建UserService

package com.example.service.impl;

import com.example.entity.User;
import com.example.service.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户service
 */
@Service
public class UserService {
    //注入用户dao
    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;

    /**
     * 新增用户
     * @param user
     */
    public void addUser(User user){
        userDao.save(user);
    }

    /**
     * 修改用户
     * @param user
     */
    public void updateUser(User user){
        userDao.save(user);
    }

    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     */
    public void deleteUser(Integer id){
        userDao.deleteById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 根据用户id查询用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public User getUserByIdEquals(Integer id){
        return userDao.getUserByIdEquals(id);
    }

    /**
     *  根据性别和年龄段查询用户
     * @param sex
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    public List<User> getUserBySexAndAge(String sex, Integer age){
        return userDao.getUserBySexAndAge(sex, age);
    }

    /**
     * 根据姓名和年龄段查询用户
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    public List<User> getUserByNameAndAge(String name, Integer age){
        return userDao.getUserByNameAndAge(name, age);
    }

    /**
     * 分页查询所有用户
     * @param pageable
     * @return
     */
    public Page<User> getUserListByPage(Pageable pageable){
        return userDao.findAll(pageable);
    }
}

（8）在controller下创建UserController

package com.example.controller;

import com.example.entity.User;
import com.example.service.impl.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户controller
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    /**
     * 新增用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/addUser")
    public void addUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setAge(18);

        userService.addUser(user);
    }

    /**
     * 修改用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/updateUser")
    public void updateUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("张三1");
        user.setSex("男1");
        user.setAge(181);

        userService.updateUser(user);
    }

    /**
     * 删除用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/deleteUser")
    public void deleteUser(){
        userService.deleteUser(1);
    }

    /**
     * 根据用户id查询用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/getUserByIdEquals")
    public void getUserByIdEquals(){
        User user = userService.getUserByIdEquals(2);
        System.out.println("用户列表==============>" + user);
    }

    /**
     *  根据性别和年龄段查询用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/getUserBySexAndAge")
    public void getUserBySexAndAge(){
        List<User> userList = userService.getUserBySexAndAge("男", 10);
        System.out.println("用户列表==============>" + userList);
    }

    /**
     * 根据姓名和年龄段查询用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/getUserByNameAndAge")
    public void getUserByNameAndAge(){
        List<User> userList = userService.getUserByNameAndAge("张三", 10);
        System.out.println("用户列表==============>" + userList);
    }

    /**
     * 分页查询所有用户
     */
    @GetMapping("/getUserListByPage")
    public void getUserListByPage(){
        PageRequest pageable = PageRequest.of(0,5);
        Page<User> page = userService.getUserListByPage(pageable);
        System.out.println("总页数=============>"+page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("查询结果=============>"+page.getContent());
    }

}

（9）测试接口

        注：这里通过在浏览器中改变请求接口的地址测试接口，相应的测试结果会在控制台和数据库中展现。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/tij/blog/3057431