android 使用照相功能与读取相册

一、使用照相功能

调用安卓的照相功能，需要隐式发起Activity，当然要取得拍照后的照片是需要一个到达照片的路径的，那么这个路径被放在Uri中，这就需要取得路径的Uri。为了兼容新版本，其中使用了文件的内容提供器，那么就需要配置内容提供器同时还在指定存储拍照后的照片的SD卡路径，值得注意的是Android4.4之前读取SD卡相关的路径需要权限的，为了兼容是需要加上SD卡权限。

package com.lht.liuhaitao;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    static final String TAG="MainActivity";
    private Button but;
    private ImageView imageView;
    private Uri imageUri;
    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO=1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        but=findViewById(R.id.but_ok);
        imageView=findViewById(R.id.pothoImg);
        but.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                capture();
            }
        });
    }

    private void capture(){
        try {
            //读写SD卡是危险权限，使用SD卡中缓存目录可以避免运行时权限判断，省事
            File outfFile=new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.jpg");
            if(outfFile.exists()){
                outfFile.delete();
            }
            outfFile.createNewFile();

            if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=24){
                //这是个特殊内容提供器FileProvider，因为在Android7后觉得直接用真实路径的Uri不安全，所以用这个内容提供其
                //用内容提供器就要一会去配置的,第二个参数是什么无所谓但是必须与配置文件中的android:authorities值一致
                imageUri=FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,"com.lht.liuhaitao.xxxprovider",outfFile);
            }else{
                 imageUri=Uri.fromFile(outfFile);
            }
            Intent intent=new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
            startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if(resultCode==RESULT_OK){
                    try {
                        Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

xml目录是自己新建的

  <provider
            android:authorities="com.lht.liuhaitao.xxxprovider"
            android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths">

            </meta-data>
        </provider>

file_paths.xml  用来定义照相机的存储路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="my_imgs" path=""/>
</paths>

 

二、读取相册照片

package com.lht.liuhaitao;

import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    static final String TAG="MainActivity";
    private Button but;
    private ImageView imageView;
    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO=1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        but=findViewById(R.id.but_ok);
        imageView=findViewById(R.id.pothoImg);

        but.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity
                            .this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);

                }else{
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,  int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if(permissions.length>=0 && grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    openAlbum();
                }else{
                    Log.e(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: 没有权限" );
                    finish();
                }
                break;
        }
    }



    private void openAlbum(){
        Intent intent=new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if(resultCode==RESULT_OK){
                    //判断手机系统版本号
                    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=19){
                        Bitmap bitmap=handleImageOnKitKat(this,data);
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }else{
                        //handleImageOnKitKat(this,data);
                        Bitmap bitmap=handleImageBeforeKitKat(this,data);
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    //4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
    @TargetApi(19)
    public static Bitmap handleImageOnKitKat(Context context, Intent data) {
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            //如果是document类型的Uri,则通过document id处理
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                String id = docId.split(":")[1];  //解析出数字格式的id
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(context, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
            } else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(context, contentUri, null);
            }
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            //如果不是document类型的Uri,则使用普通方式处理
            imagePath = getImagePath(context, uri, null);
        }
        return getImage(imagePath);
    }

    //4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
    public static Bitmap handleImageBeforeKitKat(Context context, Intent data) {
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(context, uri, null);
        return getImage(imagePath);
    }
    public static String getImagePath(Context context, Uri uri, String selection) {
        String path = null;
        //通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }

    //对bitmap进行质量压缩
    public static Bitmap compressImage(Bitmap image) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);//质量压缩方法，这里100表示不压缩，把压缩后的数据存放到baos中
        int options = 100;
        while (baos.toByteArray().length / 1024 > 100) {    //循环判断如果压缩后图片是否大于100kb,大于继续压缩
            baos.reset();//重置baos即清空baos
            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, options, baos);//这里压缩options%，把压缩后的数据存放到baos中
            options -= 10;//每次都减少10
        }
        ByteArrayInputStream isBm = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());//把压缩后的数据baos存放到ByteArrayInputStream中
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(isBm, null, null);//把ByteArrayInputStream数据生成图片
        return bitmap;
    }

    //传入图片路径，返回压缩后的bitmap
    public static Bitmap getImage(String srcPath) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(srcPath))  //如果图片路径为空 直接返回
            return null;
        BitmapFactory.Options newOpts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        //开始读入图片，此时把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回true了
        newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(srcPath, newOpts);//此时返回bm为空

        newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        int w = newOpts.outWidth;
        int h = newOpts.outHeight;
        //现在主流手机比较多是800*480分辨率，所以高和宽我们设置为
        float hh = 800f;//这里设置高度为800f
        float ww = 480f;//这里设置宽度为480f
        //缩放比。由于是固定比例缩放，只用高或者宽其中一个数据进行计算即可
        int be = 1;//be=1表示不缩放
        if (w > h && w > ww) {//如果宽度大的话根据宽度固定大小缩放
            be = (int) (newOpts.outWidth / ww);
        } else if (w < h && h > hh) {//如果高度高的话根据宽度固定大小缩放
            be = (int) (newOpts.outHeight / hh);
        }
        if (be <= 0)
            be = 1;
        newOpts.inSampleSize = be;//设置缩放比例
        //重新读入图片，注意此时已经把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回false了
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(srcPath, newOpts);
        return compressImage(bitmap);//压缩好比例大小后再进行质量压缩
    }

    
}

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>