一。相同点:
都是在特定的作用域中调用函数,等于设置函数体内this对象的值,以扩充函数赖以运行的作用域。
一般来说,this总是指向调用某个方法的对象,但是使用call()和apply()方法时,就会改变this的指向
call方法示例:不难理解改变this指向
//例1
<script>
window.color = 'red';
document.color = 'yellow';
var s1 = {color: 'blue' };
function changeColor(){
console.log(this.color);
}
changeColor.call(); //red (默认传递参数)
changeColor.call(window); //red
changeColor.call(document); //yellow
changeColor.call(this); //red
changeColor.call(s1); //blue
</script>
//例2
var Pet = {
words : '...',
speak : function (say) {
console.log(say + ''+ this.words)
}
}
Pet.speak('Speak'); // 结果:Speak...
var Dog = {
words:'Wang'
}
//将this的指向改变成了Dog
Pet.speak.call(Dog, 'Speak'); //结果: SpeakWang
apply()方法使用示例:
//例1
<script>
window.number = 'one';
document.number = 'two';
var s1 = {number: 'three' };
function changeColor(){
console.log(this.number);
}
changeColor.apply(); //one (默认传参)
changeColor.apply(window); //one
changeColor.apply(document); //two
changeColor.apply(this); //one
changeColor.apply(s1); //three
</script>
apply例2比较难理解:构造函数绑定式继承
//例2
function Pet(words){
this.words = words;
this.speak = function () {
console.log( this.words)
}
}
function Dog(words){
//Pet.call(this, words); //结果: Wang
Pet.apply(this, arguments); //结果: Wang
}
var dog = new Dog('Wang');
dog.speak();
dog是Dog函数的实例对象,在Dog实例对象中pet函数利用apply将this指向dog,并将自己的属性和方法给了this,所以dog继承了pet中的方法,并可以调用
一。不同点:没有理解文字以示例说明
大概就是call(this,参数1,参数2,...) apply(this,[参数1,参数2,...])
//示例1
function add(c,d){
return this.a + this.b + c + d;
}
var s = {a:1, b:2};
console.log(add.call(s,3,4)); // 1+2+3+4 = 10
console.log(add.apply(s,[5,6])); // 1+2+5+6 = 14
//示例2
<script>
window.firstName = "Cynthia";
window.lastName = "_xie";
var myObject = {firstName:'my', lastName:'Object'};
function getName(){
console.log(this.firstName + this.lastName);
}
function getMessage(sex,age){
console.log(this.firstName + this.lastName + " 性别: " + sex + " age: " + age );
}
getName.call(window); // Cynthia_xie
getName.call(myObject); // myObject
getName.apply(window); // Cynthia_xie
getName.apply(myObject);// myObject
getMessage.call(window,"女",21); //Cynthia_xie 性别: 女 age: 21
getMessage.apply(window,["女",21]); // Cynthia_xie 性别: 女 age: 21
getMessage.call(myObject,"未知",22); //myObject 性别: 未知 age: 22
getMessage.apply(myObject,["未知",22]); // myObject 性别: 未知 age: 22
</script>