● Android设备多分辨率的问题
Android浏览器默认预览模式浏览 会缩小页面 WebView中则会以原始大小显示
Android浏览器和WebView默认为mdpi。hdpi相当于mdpi的1.5倍 ldpi相当于0.75倍
三种解决方式:1 viewport属性 2 CSS控制 3 JS控制
1 viewport属性放在HTML的<meta>中
- <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <head>
- <title>Exmaple</title>
- <meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width,user-scalable=no”/>
- </head></SPAN>
meta中viewport的属性如下
- <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <meta name="viewport"
- content="
- height = [pixel_value | device-height] ,
- width = [pixel_value | device-width ] ,
- initial-scale = float_value ,
- minimum-scale = float_value ,
- maximum-scale = float_value ,
- user-scalable = [yes | no] ,
- target-densitydpi = [dpi_value | device-dpi |
- high-dpi | medium-dpi | low-dpi]
- "
- /></SPAN>
2 CSS控制设备密度
为每种密度创建独立的样式表(注意其中的webkit-device-pixel-ratio 3个数值对应3种分辨率)
- <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5)" href="hdpi.css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.0)" href="mdpi.css" />
- <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 0.75)" href="ldpi.css" />
在一个样式表中,指定不同的样式
- #header {
- <SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"> </SPAN> background:url(medium-density-image.png);
- }
- @media screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) {
- // CSS for high-density screens
- #header {
- background:url(high-density-image.png);
- }
- }
- @media screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 0.75) {
- // CSS for low-density screens
- #header {
- background:url(low-density-image.png);
- }
- }
- <meta name="viewport" content="target-densitydpi=device-dpi, width=device-width" />
3 JS控制
Android浏览器和WebView支持查询当前设别密度的DOM特性
window.devicePixelRatio 同样值有3个(0.75,1,1.5对应3种分辨率)
JS中查询设备密度的方法
- if (window.devicePixelRatio == 1.5) {
- alert("This is a high-density screen");
- } else if (window.devicePixelRation == 0.75) {
- alert("This is a low-density screen");
- }
● Android中构建HTML5应用
使用WebView控件 与其他控件的使用方法相同 在layout中使用一个<WebView>标签
WebView不包括导航栏,地址栏等完整浏览器功能,只用于显示一个网页
在WebView中加载Web页面,使用loadUrl()
- WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
- myWebView.loadUrl("http://www.example.com");
注意在manifest文件中加入访问互联网的权限:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
在Android中点击一个链接,默认是调用应用程序来启动,因此WebView需要代为处理这个动作 通过WebViewClient
- //设置WebViewClient
- webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient(){
- public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
- view.loadUrl(url);
- return true;
- }
- public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
- super.onPageFinished(view, url);
- }
- public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
- super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon);
- }
- });
这个WebViewClient对象是可以自己扩展的,例如
- private class MyWebViewClient extends WebViewClient {
- public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
- if (Uri.parse(url).getHost().equals("www.example.com")) {
- return false;
- }
- Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(url));
- startActivity(intent);
- return true;
- }
- }
之后:
- WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
- myWebView.setWebViewClient(new MyWebViewClient());
另外出于用户习惯上的考虑 需要将WebView表现得更像一个浏览器,也就是需要可以回退历史记录
因此需要覆盖系统的回退键 goBack,goForward可向前向后浏览历史页面
- public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
- if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && myWebView.canGoBack() {
- myWebView.goBack();
- return true;
- }
- return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
- }
- WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
- WebSettings webSettings = myWebView.getSettings();
- webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
(这里的webSetting用处非常大 可以开启很多设置 在之后的本地存储,地理位置等之中都会使用到) 1 在JS中调用Android的函数方法 首先 需要在Android程序中建立接口
- final class InJavaScript {
- public void runOnAndroidJavaScript(final String str) {
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- TextView show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview);
- show.setText(str);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- //把本类的一个实例添加到js的全局对象window中,
- //这样就可以使用windows.injs来调用它的方法
- webView.addJavascriptInterface(new InJavaScript(), "injs");
在JavaScript中调用
- function sendToAndroid(){
- var str = "Cookie call the Android method from js";
- windows.injs.runOnAndroidJavaScript(str);//调用android的函数
- }
2 在Android中调用JS的方法
在JS中的方法:
- function getFromAndroid(str){
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("android").innerHTML=str;
- }
在Android调用该方法
- Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
- button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View arg0) {
- //调用javascript中的方法
- webView.loadUrl("javascript:getFromAndroid('Cookie call the js function from Android')");
- }
- });
3 Android中处理JS的警告,对话框等 在Android中处理JS的警告,对话框等需要对WebView设置WebChromeClient
对象
- //设置WebChromeClient
- webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient(){
- //处理javascript中的alert
- public boolean onJsAlert(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
- //构建一个Builder来显示网页中的对话框
- Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);
- builder.setTitle("Alert");
- builder.setMessage(message);
- builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok,
- new AlertDialog.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
- result.confirm();
- }
- });
- builder.setCancelable(false);
- builder.create();
- builder.show();
- return true;
- };
- //处理javascript中的confirm
- public boolean onJsConfirm(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
- Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);
- builder.setTitle("confirm");
- builder.setMessage(message);
- builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok,
- new AlertDialog.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
- result.confirm();
- }
- });
- builder.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel,
- new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
- result.cancel();
- }
- });
- builder.setCancelable(false);
- builder.create();
- builder.show();
- return true;
- };
- @Override
- //设置网页加载的进度条
- public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) {
- MainActivity.this.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, newProgress * 100);
- super.onProgressChanged(view, newProgress);
- }
- //设置应用程序的标题title
- public void onReceivedTitle(WebView view, String title) {
- MainActivity.this.setTitle(title);
- super.onReceivedTitle(view, title);
- }
- });
● Android中的调试 通过JS代码输出log信息
- Js代码: console.log("Hello World");
- Log信息: Console: Hello World http://www.example.com/hello.html :82
在WebChromeClient中实现onConsoleMesaage()回调方法,让其在LogCat中打印信息
- WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
- myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
- public void onConsoleMessage(String message, int lineNumber, String sourceID) {
- Log.d("MyApplication", message + " -- From line "
- + lineNumber + " of "
- + sourceID);
- }
- });
以及
- WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
- myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
- public boolean onConsoleMessage(ConsoleMessage cm) {
- Log.d("MyApplication", cm.message() + " -- From line "
- + cm.lineNumber() + " of "
- + cm.sourceId() );
- return true;
- }
- });
*ConsoleMessage 还包括一个 MessageLevel 表示控制台传递信息类型。 您可以用messageLevel()查询信息级别,
以确定信息的严重程度,然后使用适当的Log方法或采取其他适当的措施。
● HTML5本地存储在Android中的应用 HTML5提供了2种客户端存储数据新方法: localStorage 没有时间限制 sessionStorage 针对一个Session的数据存储
- <script type="text/javascript">
- localStorage.lastname="Smith";
- document.write(localStorage.lastname);
- </script>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- sessionStorage.lastname="Smith";
- document.write(sessionStorage.lastname);
- </script>
WebStorage的API:
- //清空storage
- localStorage.clear();
- //设置一个键值
- localStorage.setItem(“yarin”,“yangfegnsheng”);
- //获取一个键值
- localStorage.getItem(“yarin”);
- //获取指定下标的键的名称(如同Array)
- localStorage.key(0);
- //return “fresh” //删除一个键值
- localStorage.removeItem(“yarin”);
- 注意一定要在设置中开启哦
- setDomStorageEnabled(true)
在Android中进行操作
- //启用数据库
- webSettings.setDatabaseEnabled(true);
- String dir = this.getApplicationContext().getDir("database", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getPath();
- //设置数据库路径
- webSettings.setDatabasePath(dir);
- //使用localStorage则必须打开
- webSettings.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
- //扩充数据库的容量(在WebChromeClinet中实现)
- public void onExceededDatabaseQuota(String url, String databaseIdentifier, long currentQuota,
- long estimatedSize, long totalUsedQuota, WebStorage.QuotaUpdater quotaUpdater) {
- quotaUpdater.updateQuota(estimatedSize * 2);
- }
在JS中按常规进行数据库操作
- function initDatabase() {
- try {
- if (!window.openDatabase) {
- alert('Databases are not supported by your browser');
- } else {
- var shortName = 'YARINDB';
- var version = '1.0';
- var displayName = 'yarin db';
- var maxSize = 100000; // in bytes
- YARINDB = openDatabase(shortName, version, displayName, maxSize);
- createTables();
- selectAll();
- }
- } catch(e) {
- if (e == 2) {
- // Version mismatch.
- console.log("Invalid database version.");
- } else {
- console.log("Unknown error "+ e +".");
- }
- return;
- }
- }
- function createTables(){
- YARINDB.transaction(
- function (transaction) {
- transaction.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS yarin(id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL,desc TEXT NOT NULL);', [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
- }
- );
- insertData();
- }
- function insertData(){
- YARINDB.transaction(
- function (transaction) {
- //Starter data when page is initialized
- var data = ['1','yarin yang','I am yarin'];
- transaction.executeSql("INSERT INTO yarin(id, name, desc) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", [data[0], data[1], data[2]]);
- }
- );
- }
- function errorHandler(transaction, error){
- if (error.code==1){
- // DB Table already exists
- } else {
- // Error is a human-readable string.
- console.log('Oops. Error was '+error.message+' (Code '+error.code+')');
- }
- return false;
- }
- function nullDataHandler(){
- console.log("SQL Query Succeeded");
- }
- function selectAll(){
- YARINDB.transaction(
- function (transaction) {
- transaction.executeSql("SELECT * FROM yarin;", [], dataSelectHandler, errorHandler);
- }
- );
- }
- function dataSelectHandler(transaction, results){
- // Handle the results
- for (var i=0; i<results.rows.length; i++) {
- var row = results.rows.item(i);
- var newFeature = new Object();
- newFeature.name = row['name'];
- newFeature.decs = row['desc'];
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("name").innerHTML="name:"+newFeature.name;
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("desc").innerHTML="desc:"+newFeature.decs;
- }
- }
- function updateData(){
- YARINDB.transaction(
- function (transaction) {
- var data = ['fengsheng yang','I am fengsheng'];
- transaction.executeSql("UPDATE yarin SET name=?, desc=? WHERE id = 1", [data[0], data[1]]);
- }
- );
- selectAll();
- }
- function ddeleteTables(){
- YARINDB.transaction(
- function (transaction) {
- transaction.executeSql("DROP TABLE yarin;", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
- }
- );
- console.log("Table 'page_settings' has been dropped.");
- }
- 注意onLoad中的初始化工作
- function initLocalStorage(){
- if (window.localStorage) {
- textarea.addEventListener("keyup", function() {
- window.localStorage["value"] = this.value;
- window.localStorage["time"] = new Date().getTime();
- }, false);
- } else {
- alert("LocalStorage are not supported in this browser.");
- }
- }
- window.onload = function() {
- initDatabase();
- initLocalStorage();
- }
● HTML5地理位置服务在Android中的应用 Android中
- //启用地理定位
- webSettings.setGeolocationEnabled(true);
- //设置定位的数据库路径
- webSettings.setGeolocationDatabasePath(dir);
- //配置权限(同样在WebChromeClient中实现)
- public void onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(String origin,
- GeolocationPermissions.Callback callback) {
- callback.invoke(origin, true, false);
- super.onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(origin, callback);
- }
在Manifest中添加权限
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
HTML5中 通过navigator.geolocation对象获取地理位置信息 常用的navigator.geolocation对象有以下三种方法:
- //获取当前地理位置
- navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
- //持续获取地理位置
- navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
- //清除持续获取地理位置事件
- navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watch_position_id)
其中success_callback_function为成功之后处理的函数,error_callback_function为失败之后返回的处理函数,
参数position_options是配置项
在JS中的代码
- //定位
- function get_location() {
- if (navigator.geolocation) {
- navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(show_map,handle_error,{enableHighAccuracy:false,maximumAge:1000,timeout:15000});
- } else {
- alert("Your browser does not support HTML5 geoLocation");
- }
- }
- function show_map(position) {
- var latitude = position.coords.latitude;
- var longitude = position.coords.longitude;
- var city = position.coords.city;
- //telnet localhost 5554
- //geo fix -82.411629 28.054553
- //geo fix -121.45356 46.51119 4392
- //geo nmea $GPGGA,001431.092,0118.2653,N,10351.1359,E,0,00,,-19.6,M,4.1,M,,0000*5B
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("Latitude").innerHTML="latitude:"+latitude;
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("Longitude").innerHTML="longitude:"+longitude;
- document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("City").innerHTML="city:"+city;
- }
- function handle_error(err) {
- switch (err.code) {
- case 1:
- alert("permission denied");
- break;
- case 2:
- alert("the network is down or the position satellites can't be contacted");
- break;
- case 3:
- alert("time out");
- break;
- default:
- alert("unknown error");
- break;
- }
- }
其中position对象包含很多数据 error代码及选项 可以查看文档 ● 构建HTML5离线应用 需要提供一个cache manifest文件,理出所有需要在离线状态下使用的资源
例如
- CACHE MANIFEST
- #这是注释
- images/sound-icon.png
- images/background.png
- clock.html
- clock.css
- clock.js
- NETWORK:
- test.cgi
- CACHE:
- style/default.css
- FALLBACK:
- /files/projects /projects
在html标签中声明 <html manifest="clock.manifest"> HTML5离线应用更新缓存机制 分为手动更新和自动更新2种 自动更新: 在cache manifest文件本身发生变化时更新缓存 资源文件发生变化不会触发更新 手动更新: 使用window.applicationCache
- if (window.applicationCache.status == window.applicationCache.UPDATEREADY) {
- window.applicationCache.update();
- }
在线状态检测 HTML5 提供了两种检测是否在线的方式:navigator.online(true/false) 和 online/offline事件。 在Android中构建离线应用
- //开启应用程序缓存
- webSettingssetAppCacheEnabled(true);
- String dir = this.getApplicationContext().getDir("cache", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getPath();
- //设置应用缓存的路径
- webSettings.setAppCachePath(dir);
- //设置缓存的模式
- webSettings.setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_DEFAULT);
- //设置应用缓存的最大尺寸
- webSettings.setAppCacheMaxSize(1024*1024*8);
- //扩充缓存的容量
- public void onReachedMaxAppCacheSize(long spaceNeeded,
- long totalUsedQuota, WebStorage.QuotaUpdater quotaUpdater) {
- quotaUpdater.updateQuota(spaceNeeded * 2);
- }