Visitor Pattern本质上是通过方法和数据分离,从而实现:
1)在不影响现有数据结构的情况下,添加新的方法
2)双分派(在选择一个方法的时候,不仅仅要根据消息接收者的运行时类型,还要根据参数的运行时类型)
3)Recovering lost type information(一个很好的例子: http://sourcemaking.com/design_patterns/visitor/cpp/3)
Visitor Pattern不适用于那些类结构不稳定的case,因为,Object增加一个子类,Visitor及其子类都有增加一个方法。
类图:
餐馆里厨师做菜,服务员负责提供服务,给他们新加一个责任,每次干完活后,做下大扫除
代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//Object
class Employee
{
public:
virtual ~Employee()
{
}
virtual void accept(class Visitor*) = 0;
};
//Concrete_object_1
class Waiter : public Employee
{
public:
void accept(Visitor*);
void provide_service()
{
cout << "Waiter provide service" << endl;
}
};
//Concrete_object_2
class Cook : public Employee
{
public:
void accept(Visitor*);
void do_the_cooking()
{
cout << "Cook do the cooking" << endl;
}
};
//Visitor
class Visitor
{
public:
virtual void visit(Waiter*) = 0;
virtual void visit(Cook*) = 0;
};
//Concrete_visitor_1
class Clean_visitor : public Visitor
{
public:
void visit(Waiter* waiter)
{
waiter->provide_service();
cout << "Waiter do some cleaning" << endl;
}
void visit(Cook* cook)
{
cook->do_the_cooking();
cout << "Cook do some cleaning" << endl;
}
};
void Waiter::accept(Visitor* visitor)
{
visitor->visit(this);
}
void Cook::accept(Visitor* visitor)
{
visitor->visit(this);
}
int main()
{
Employee* cook = new Cook;
Employee* waiter = new Waiter;
Clean_visitor clean;
cook->accept(&clean);
waiter->accept(&clean);
delete cook;
delete waiter;
return 0;
}
运行输出:
Cook do the cooking
Cook do some cleaning
Waiter provide service
Waiter do some cleaning