ruby第二天Hello，world

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-01 12:20:35 发布

chutangjie6340

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-01 12:20:35 发布

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文章标签： ruby 数据库 json

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/034/blog/523164

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rails是MVC框架，显示Hello，world不需要资料库，我們只要先写Controller和View，以及让路由指派到这个Controller即可。

先到昨天创建的项目demo下：

$cd demo

$ bin/rails g controller welcome --创建一个controller welcome

create app/controllers/welcome_controller.rb

invoke erb

create app/views/welcome

invoke helper

create app/helpers/welcome_helper.rb

invoke assets

invoke coffee

create app/assets/javascripts/welcome.coffee

invoke scss

create app/assets/stylesheets/welcome.scss（这些都是rails自动生成的文件）

$ ls 可以看到有下面这些路径文件生成

app bin config config.ru db Gemfile Gemfile~ Gemfile.lock lib log publ

$ gedit config/routes.rb --进到config/routes.rb增加一行：

Rails::Application.routes.draw do

get "welcome/say_hello" => "welcome#say"

# ...
end

get意思是将http://localhost:3000/welcome/say_hello网址对应到welcome Controller的say Action

再去编辑app/controllers/welcome_controller.rb，加入一個say方法：

$ gedit app/controllers/welcome_controller.rb

class WelcomeController < ApplicationController

def say

end

在Controller中，一个公开函数(public method)就代表一個Action，一個Action对应一个HTTP的请求和回应。接着我们打开浏览器浏览http://localhost:3000/welcome/say_hello，会看到如下错误：
Missing template welcome/say, application/say with {:locale=>[:en], :formats=>[:html], :variants=>[], :handlers=>[:erb, :builder, :raw, :ruby, :coffee, :jbuilder]}. Searched in: * "/Users/ihower/projects/demo/app/views"
因为我们没有准备View文件。需要新增appviews/welcomey.html.erb这个文件：
$ gedit app/views/welcome/say.html.erb

<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
这时候在进到浏览器，就能看到Hello, World!了。第一个hello，world就成功了。

接下来我们新增一个页面并且加入超链接。再次编辑路由文件config/routes.rb加入一個路由：
$ gedit config/routes.rb

Rails::Application.routes.draw do
  get "welcome/say_hello" => "welcome#say"
  get "welcome" => "welcome#index"
  # ...
end
意思是http://localhost:3000/welcome网址对应到welcome Controller的index Action

$ gedit app/controllers/welcome_controller.rb

class WelcomeController < ApplicationController
  #...
  def index
  end
end
$appviews/welcome/index.html.erb
<p>Hola! It's <%= Time.now %></p>
<p><%= link_to 'Hello!', welcome_say_hello_path %></p>
Time是Ruby內建的时间，Time.now是输出当前时间。link_to是Rails內建的方法可以输出的超级链接，而welcome_say_hello_path会输出/welcome/say_hello这个网址。这时候去浏览http://localhost:3000/welcome，会看到Hola!以及Hello!超级链接。

接着我们去把网站首页变成welcome#index

$gedit config/routes.rb

Rails::Application.routes.draw do
  get "welcome/say_hello" => "welcome#say"
  get "welcome" => "welcome#index"
  root :to => "welcome#index"
  # ...
end

意思是将网站的根目录对应到welcome Controller的index Action。再去编辑View，建立回首頁的链接

$gedit app/views/welcomey.html.erb --在Hello, World!下一行加入：
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p><%= link_to "Home", root_path %></p>
这样网页的首页就会显示Hola!和时间，连到http://localhost:3000/welcome/say_hello的时候，底部也会出现「Home」的链接，点击就会回到首页。

连接数据库：

$getdit config/database.yml --编辑

# SQLite version 3.x

# gem install sqlite3

# Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile

# gem 'sqlite3'

default: &default

adapter: mysql2

host: localhost

usename: root

password: '123456'

pool: 5

timeout: 5000

development:

<<: *default

database: demo_dev

$$ vi Gemfile --编辑一行

gem 'mysql2', '=0.3.13'

$bundle install

$ rake db:create --创建完成即可

$ bin/rails g scaffold person name:string bio:text birthday:date

注意Model的名称是用单数person，而Controller照RESTful惯例是用复数people

invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20151027080428_create_people.rb
      create    app/models/person.rb
      invoke  resource_route
       route    resources :people
      invoke  scaffold_controller
      create    app/controllers/people_controller.rb
      invoke    erb
      create      appiews/people
      create      appiews/people/index.html.erb
      create      appiews/people/edit.html.erb
      create      appiews/people/show.html.erb
      create      appiews/people/new.html.erb
      create      appiews/people/_form.html.erb
      invoke    helper
      create      app/helpers/people_helper.rb
      invoke    jbuilder
      create      appiews/people/index.json.jbuilder
      create      appiews/people/show.json.jbuilder
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      create      app/assets/javascripts/people.coffee
      invoke    scss
      create      app/assets/stylesheets/people.scss
      invoke  scss
      create    app/assets/stylesheets/scaffolds.scss（ruby自己生成的文件）