RedHat Enterprise Linux6.4 使用CentOS yum源

[admin@server1 ~]$ uname -a
Linux server1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

在使用redhat linux的yum来安装或者更新软件的时候会提示

[admin@server1 ~]$ sudo yum install gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
No package gcc available.
Error: Nothing to do

[注]请以root身份操作

由于 redhat的yum在线更新是收费的，如果没有注册的话不能使用，如果要使用，需将redhat的yum卸载后，重启安装，再配置其他源
解决办法：
1、首先到http://mirrors.163.com/centos下载软件包

x86 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/

x86_64 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/

必要下载的软件包有（以64位系统为例）：

1>  python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

2>  yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

3>  yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm

4>  yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

下载命令：

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

[注] :版本不一定要最新的(http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 查找对应版本)
 
2、卸载RedHat自带的yum

rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

      注：1>   xargs是一条Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令。它的作用是将参数列表转换成小块分段传递给其他命令，以避免参数列表过长的问题
                 2>   --nodeps  强制卸载,不管依赖性
 
3、安装下载的centos的yum包：
 

rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

[注] :最后2个需要一起安装，否则会出现依赖性错误
 
4、到http://mirrors.163.com的 centos帮助文档 中下载CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，存放到/etc/yum.repo.d中

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

 
5、编辑CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，将其中的$releasever更改为centos的版本号

下面是修改好的：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#


[base]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6


#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6


#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6


#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6


#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 
6、yum clean all 清除原有缓存
7、yum makecache  获取yum列表
出现下面提示，表示yum更改完成：
Metadata Cache Created

脚本：

#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

# Check if user is root
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then
    echo "Error: You must be root to run this script"
    exit 1
fi

clear
echo "========================================================================="
echo "Replace Redhat Enterprise Yum to CentOS Yum and Repos,  Written by Licess"
echo "========================================================================="



# uninstall rhel yum
echo "Uninstall Rhel Yum......"
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
# delete old rpm
echo "Clean old cache......"
rm -rf python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rm -rf yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rm -rf yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
rm -rf yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

# download CentOS Yum
echo "Download Python-iniparse......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... -2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

echo "Download yum-metadata-parse......"
wget  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm

echo "Download yum......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 6.centos.noarch.rpm

echo "Download yum fastmirror......"
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... 0-14.el6.noarch.rpm

# install CentOS Yum
echo "Installing......"
rpm -ivh  python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh  yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh  yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

# replace repos
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
echo "[base]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6.5 - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/x86_64/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

#####
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update



echo "=========================================================================="
echo "You have successfully replace RedhatEnterprise Yum to CentOS yum and repos"
echo "=========================================================================="

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/zhngjan/blog/351206