第一个项目：HelloWorld
请求的顺序：
url /helloworld--》web.xml springDispatcherServlet -->@RequestMapping注解来映射请求的URL /helloworld 返回success
由springmvc.xml /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp 转发到路径页面
1.创建动态web工程，
2.导入jar包
3.配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet初始化参数 :配置springMVC的配置文件的位置和名称-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 在当前web应用在加载的时候被调用 而不是等第一次请求的时候被调用 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern><!-- 可以应答所有请求 -->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="springMvc01.MVC"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器：如何把handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
5.新建package springMvc01.MVC.handlers 在包下新建HelloWorld.java
package springMvc01.MVC.handlers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloWorld {
/**
* 使用@RequestMapping注解来映射请求的URL
* 返回值会通过视图解析器为实际的物理视图，对于InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器会做如下解析：
* 通过这样的方式：prefix+returnVal + 后缀 得到实际的物理视图，然后做转发操作
* /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/helloworld")
public String hello() {
System.out.println("hello world");
return "success";
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="helloworld">helloworld</a>
</body>
</html><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Success
</body>
</html><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet初始化参数 :配置springMVC的配置文件的位置和名称-->
<!-- 实际上也可以不通过contextConfigLocation 来配置springmvc 文件 而使用默认的 -->
<!--<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
默认的 文件：/WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml
也就是springmvc.xml 文件 放到/WEB-INF/ 下，文件名为：springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml
-->
<!-- 在当前web应用在加载的时候被调用 而不是等第一次请求的时候被调用 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern><!-- 可以应答所有请求 -->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
注解：@RequestMapping 除了可以修饰方法，还可以修饰类
package springMvc01.MVC.handlers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
@Controller
public class SpringTest {
private static final String SUSSESS="success";
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping() {
System.out.println("testRequestMapping");
return SUSSESS;
}
}
相应的index.jsp
<a href="springmvc/testRequestMapping">testRequestMapping</a>
@RequestMapping 的属性：
value：映射路径
method：GET/POST
params:参数headers ：请求头@RequestMapping("/testAntPath/*/abc") 路径支持通配符的情况package springMvc01.MVC.handlers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
@Controller
public class SpringTest {
private static final String SUSSESS="success";
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping() {
System.out.println("testRequestMapping");
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* 使用 method 属性指定请求方式(常用)
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="testMethod",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String testMethod() {
System.out.println("testMethod");
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* params 和 headers 来更加精确的映射请求，params 和 headers支持简单的表达式
* @return *<a href="springmvc/testParamsAndHeaders?username=aa&age=9">testParamsAndHeaders</a>对应请求的url
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testParamsAndHeaders",params = {"username","age!=10"},headers={"Accept-Language=zh-CN"}) public String testParamsAndHeaders() {
System.out.println("testParamsAndHeaders");
return SUSSESS;
} @RequestMapping("/testAntPath/*/abc") //<a href="springmvc/testAntPath/mnscf/abc">testAntPath</a>对应请求的url
public String testAntPath() {
System.out.println("testAntPath");
return SUSSESS;
}/**
* @PathVariable 可以来映射url中的占位符到目标方法的参数中
* @param id *<a href="springmvc/testPathVariable/1">testPathVariable</a>对应请求的url * @return
*/
@RequestMapping("testPathVariable/{id}")
public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("testAntPath"+id);
return SUSSESS;
}
}
Rest风格的URL：index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="springmvc/testMethod" method="POST">
<input type="submit" value="submit"></input>
</form>
<br><br>
<a href="springmvc/testRest/1">Test Rest get</a>
<br><br>
<form action="springmvc/testRest/1" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"></input>
<input type="submit" value="Rest DELETE"></input>
</form>
<form action="springmvc/testRest/1" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"></input>
<input type="submit" value="Rest PUT"></input>
</form>
<form action="springmvc/testRest" method="POST">
<input type="submit" value="POST"></input>
</form>
<br><br>
<a href="helloworld">helloworld</a>
<br>
<a href="springmvc/testPathVariable/1">testPathVariable</a>
<a href="springmvc/testAntPath/mnscf/abc">testAntPath</a>
<a href="springmvc/testRequestMapping">testRequestMapping</a>
<a href="springmvc/testParamsAndHeaders?username=aa&age=9">testParamsAndHeaders</a>
<a href="springmvc/testMethod">testMethod</a>
<a href="springmvc/testAntPath/mnscf/abc">testAntPath</a>
</body>
</html>package springMvc01.MVC.handlers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
@Controller
public class SpringTest {
private static final String SUSSESS="success";
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping() {
System.out.println("testRequestMapping");
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* 使用 method 属性指定请求方式(常用)
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="testMethod",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String testMethod() {
System.out.println("testMethod");
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* params 和 headers 来更加精确的映射请求，params 和 headers支持简单的表达式
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testParamsAndHeaders",params = {"username","age!=10"},headers={"Accept-Language=zh-CN"})
public String testParamsAndHeaders() {
System.out.println("testParamsAndHeaders");
return SUSSESS;
}
@RequestMapping("/testAntPath/*/abc")
public String testAntPath() {
System.out.println("testAntPath");
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* @PathVariable 可以来映射url中的占位符到目标方法的参数中
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("testPathVariable/{id}")
public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("testAntPath"+id);
return SUSSESS;
}
/**
* Rest 风格的url
* 以CRUD为例
* 新增：/order POST
* 修改：/order/1 PUT update?id=1
* 获取：/order/1 GET get?id=1
* 删除：/order/1 DELETE delete?id=1
*
* 如何发送PUT请求和DELETE请求呢？
* 1.需要配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter
* 2.需要发送POST请求
* 3.需要在发送POST请求时携带一个隐藏域name=“_method” 的隐藏域，值为DELETE或PUT
* 在springMVC中的目标方法中如何得到id呢
* 使用@PathVariable 注解
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testRest/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String testRest(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("testRestGET:"+id);
return SUSSESS;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/testRest" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String testRest() {
System.out.println("testRestPOST:");
return SUSSESS;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/testRest/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String testRestDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("testRestDelete:"+id);
return SUSSESS;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/testRest/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String testRestPut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
System.out.println("testRestPut:"+id);
return SUSSESS;
}
}
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