使用libevent编写高并发HTTP server

   libevent库使得高并发响应HTTP Server的编写变得很容易。整个过程包括如下几部：初始化，创建HTTP Server, 指定callback, 进入事件循环。另外在回调函数中，可以获取客户端请求(request的HTTP Header和参数等)，进行响应的处理，再将结果发送给客户端(response的HTTP Header和内容，如html代码)。

libevent除了设置generic的callback，还可以对特定的请求路径设置对应的callback(回调/处理函数)。

示例代码(方便日后参考编写需要的HTTP server)

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>     //for getopt, fork
    #include <string.h>     //for strcat
    //for struct evkeyvalq
    #include <sys/queue.h>
    #include <event.h>
    //for http
    #include <evhttp.h>
    #include <signal.h>

    #define MYHTTPD_SIGNATURE   "myhttpd v 0.0.1"

    //处理模块
    void httpd_handler(struct evhttp_request *req, void *arg) {
        char output[2048] = "\0";
        char tmp[1024];

        //获取客户端请求的URI(使用evhttp_request_uri或直接req->uri)
        const char *uri;
        uri = evhttp_request_uri(req);
        sprintf(tmp, "uri=%s\n", uri);
        strcat(output, tmp);

        sprintf(tmp, "uri=%s\n", req->uri);
        strcat(output, tmp);
        //decoded uri
        char *decoded_uri;
        decoded_uri = evhttp_decode_uri(uri);
        sprintf(tmp, "decoded_uri=%s\n", decoded_uri);
        strcat(output, tmp);

        //解析URI的参数(即GET方法的参数)
        struct evkeyvalq params;
        evhttp_parse_query(decoded_uri, &params);
        sprintf(tmp, "q=%s\n", evhttp_find_header(&params, "q"));
        strcat(output, tmp);
        sprintf(tmp, "s=%s\n", evhttp_find_header(&params, "s"));
        strcat(output, tmp);
        free(decoded_uri);

        //获取POST方法的数据
        char *post_data = (char *) EVBUFFER_DATA(req->input_buffer);
        sprintf(tmp, "post_data=%s\n", post_data);
        strcat(output, tmp);

        /*
        具体的：可以根据GET/POST的参数执行相应操作，然后将结果输出
        ...
        */

        /* 输出到客户端 */

        //HTTP header
        evhttp_add_header(req->output_headers, "Server", MYHTTPD_SIGNATURE);
        evhttp_add_header(req->output_headers, "Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
        evhttp_add_header(req->output_headers, "Connection", "close");
        //输出的内容
        struct evbuffer *buf;
        buf = evbuffer_new();
        evbuffer_add_printf(buf, "It works!\n%s\n", output);
        evhttp_send_reply(req, HTTP_OK, "OK", buf);
        evbuffer_free(buf);

    }
    void show_help() {
        char *help = "written by Min (http://54min.com)\n\n"
            "-l <ip_addr> interface to listen on, default is 0.0.0.0\n"
            "-p <num>     port number to listen on, default is 1984\n"
            "-d           run as a deamon\n"
            "-t <second>  timeout for a http request, default is 120 seconds\n"
            "-h           print this help and exit\n"
            "\n";
        fprintf(stderr, help);
    }
    //当向进程发出SIGTERM/SIGHUP/SIGINT/SIGQUIT的时候，终止event的事件侦听循环
    void signal_handler(int sig) {
        switch (sig) {
            case SIGTERM:
            case SIGHUP:
            case SIGQUIT:
            case SIGINT:
                event_loopbreak();  //终止侦听event_dispatch()的事件侦听循环，执行之后的代码
                break;
        }
    }

    int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        //自定义信号处理函数
        signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);
        signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
        signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
        signal(SIGQUIT, signal_handler);

        //默认参数
        char *httpd_option_listen = "0.0.0.0";
        int httpd_option_port = 8080;
        int httpd_option_daemon = 0;
        int httpd_option_timeout = 120; //in seconds

        //获取参数
        int c;
        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "l:p:dt:h")) != -1) {
            switch (c) {
            case 'l' :
                httpd_option_listen = optarg;
                break;
            case 'p' :
                httpd_option_port = atoi(optarg);
                break;
            case 'd' :
                httpd_option_daemon = 1;
                break;
            case 't' :
                httpd_option_timeout = atoi(optarg);
                 break;
            case 'h' :
            default :
                    show_help();
                    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            }
        }

        //判断是否设置了-d，以daemon运行
        if (httpd_option_daemon) {
            pid_t pid;
            pid = fork();
            if (pid < 0) {
                perror("fork failed");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            if (pid > 0) {
                //生成子进程成功，退出父进程
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            }
        }

        /* 使用libevent创建HTTP Server */

        //初始化event API
        event_init();

        //创建一个http server
        struct evhttp *httpd;
        httpd = evhttp_start(httpd_option_listen, httpd_option_port);
        evhttp_set_timeout(httpd, httpd_option_timeout);

        //指定generic callback
        evhttp_set_gencb(httpd, httpd_handler, NULL);
        //也可以为特定的URI指定callback
        //evhttp_set_cb(httpd, "/", specific_handler, NULL);

        //循环处理events
        event_dispatch();

        evhttp_free(httpd);
        return 0;
    }

• 编译：gcc -o myhttpd -Wall -levent myhttpd.c
• 运行：./test
• 测试：

在浏览器中输入http://54min.com:8080/index.php?q=test&s=some thing，显示内容如下：

    It works!
    uri=/index.php?q=test&s=some%20thing
    uri=/index.php?q=test&s=some%20thing
    decoded_uri=/index.php?q=test&s=some thing
    q=test
    s=some thing
    post_data=(null)

并使用Live Http Headers(Firefox addons)查看HTTP headers。

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: myhttpd v 0.0.1
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
    Connection: close
    Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2011 06:30:30 GMT
    Content-Length: 72

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/keepsimple/archive/2013/05/06/3063251.html