Apache Commons 工具类介绍及简单使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 08:39:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 08:39:51 发布

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Apache Commons包含了很多开源的工具，用于解决平时编程经常会遇到的问题，减少重复劳动。下面是我这几年做开发过程中自己用过的工具类做简单介绍。

组件	功能介绍
commons-beanutils	提供了对于JavaBean进行各种操作，克隆对象,属性等等.
commons-betwixt	XML与Java对象之间相互转换.
commons-codec	处理常用的编码方法的工具类包例如DES、SHA1、MD5、Base64等.
commons-collections	java集合框架操作.
commons-compress	java提供文件打包压缩类库.
commons-configuration	一个java应用程序的配置管理类库.
commons-dbcp	提供数据库连接池服务.
commons-dbutils	提供对jdbc 的操作封装来简化数据查询和记录读取操作.
commons-email	java发送邮件对javamail的封装.
commons-fileupload	提供文件上传功能.
commons-httpclient	提供HTTP客户端与服务器的各种通讯操作. 现在已改成HttpComponents
commons-io	io工具的封装.
commons-lang	Java基本对象方法的工具类包如：StringUtils,ArrayUtils,DateUtils,DateFormatUtils等等.
commons-logging	提供的是一个Java 的日志接口.
commons-validator	提供了客户端和服务器端的数据验证框架.

1、commons-beanutils

提供了对于JavaBean进行各种操作，比如对象,属性复制等等。

Java代码

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import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
public class CommonsBeanUtils {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// ****************************************************************************
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("tom");
person.setAge(21);
// 克隆对象
Person person2 = (Person) BeanUtils.cloneBean(person);
System.out.println(person2.getName() + ">>" + person2.getAge());
// ****************************************************************************
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", "tom");
map.put("email", "tom@");
map.put("age", "21");
// 将map转化为一个Person对象
Person person3 = new Person();
BeanUtils.populate(person3, map);
System.out.println(person3.getName() + ">>" + person3.getAge());
// 通过上面的一行代码，此时person的属性就已经具有了上面所赋的值了。
// 将一个Bean转化为一个Map对象了，如下：
Map<String, String> map2 = BeanUtils.describe(person3);
System.out.println(map2.get("name") + ">>" + map2.get("age"));
// ****************************************************************************
Person person4 = new Person();
person4.setName("andy");
// 反射调用get方法
String name = (String) PropertyUtils.getProperty(person4, "name");
System.out.println(name);
// 反射调用set方法
PropertyUtils.setProperty(person4, "age", 25);
System.out.println(person4.getAge());
}
}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;

public class CommonsBeanUtils {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// ****************************************************************************
		Person person = new Person();
		person.setName("tom");
		person.setAge(21);
		// 克隆对象
		Person person2 = (Person) BeanUtils.cloneBean(person);
		System.out.println(person2.getName() + ">>" + person2.getAge());
		// ****************************************************************************
		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("name", "tom");
		map.put("email", "tom@");
		map.put("age", "21");
		// 将map转化为一个Person对象
		Person person3 = new Person();
		BeanUtils.populate(person3, map);
		System.out.println(person3.getName() + ">>" + person3.getAge());
		// 通过上面的一行代码，此时person的属性就已经具有了上面所赋的值了。
		// 将一个Bean转化为一个Map对象了，如下：
		Map<String, String> map2 = BeanUtils.describe(person3);
		System.out.println(map2.get("name") + ">>" + map2.get("age"));
		// ****************************************************************************
		Person person4 = new Person();
		person4.setName("andy");
		// 反射调用get方法
		String name = (String) PropertyUtils.getProperty(person4, "name");
		System.out.println(name);
		// 反射调用set方法
		PropertyUtils.setProperty(person4, "age", 25);
		System.out.println(person4.getAge());
	}
}

2、commons-betwixt

XML与Java对象之间相互转换。

Java代码

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import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import org.apache.commons.betwixt.io.BeanReader;
import org.apache.commons.betwixt.io.BeanWriter;
public class CommonsBetwixt {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// ****************************创建一个例子Bean，并将它转化为XML ************************************************
// 先创建一个StringWriter，我们将把它写入为一个字符串
StringWriter outputWriter = new StringWriter();
// Betwixt在这里仅仅是将Bean写入为一个片断
// 所以如果要想完整的XML内容，我们应该写入头格式
outputWriter.write("<?xml version=’1.0′ encoding=’UTF-8′ ?>\n");
// 创建一个BeanWriter，其将写入到我们预备的stream中
BeanWriter beanWriter = new BeanWriter(outputWriter);
// 配置betwixt
// 更多详情请参考java docs 或最新的文档
beanWriter.getXMLIntrospector().getConfiguration().setAttributesForPrimitives(false);
beanWriter.getBindingConfiguration().setMapIDs(false);
beanWriter.enablePrettyPrint();
// 如果这个地方不传入XML的根节点名，Betwixt将自己猜测是什么
// 但是让我们将例子Bean名作为根节点吧
beanWriter.write("person", new Person("John Smith", 21));
// 输出结果
System.out.println(outputWriter.toString());
// Betwixt写的是片断而不是一个文档，所以不要自动的关闭掉writers或者streams，
// 但这里仅仅是一个例子，不会做更多事情，所以可以关掉
outputWriter.close();
// ****************************将XML转化为JavaBean ************************************************
// 先创建一个XML，由于这里仅是作为例子，所以我们硬编码了一段XML内容
StringReader xmlReader = new StringReader("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <person><age>25</age><name>James Smith</name></person>");
// 创建BeanReader
BeanReader beanReader = new BeanReader();
// 配置reader
beanReader.getXMLIntrospector().getConfiguration().setAttributesForPrimitives(false);
beanReader.getBindingConfiguration().setMapIDs(false);
// 注册beans，以便betwixt知道XML将要被转化为一个什么Bean
beanReader.registerBeanClass("person", Person.class);
// 现在我们对XML进行解析
Person person = (Person) beanReader.parse(xmlReader);
// 输出结果
System.out.println(person);
}
}

import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import org.apache.commons.betwixt.io.BeanReader;
import org.apache.commons.betwixt.io.BeanWriter;

public class CommonsBetwixt {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// ****************************创建一个例子Bean，并将它转化为XML ************************************************
		// 先创建一个StringWriter，我们将把它写入为一个字符串
		StringWriter outputWriter = new StringWriter();
		// Betwixt在这里仅仅是将Bean写入为一个片断
		// 所以如果要想完整的XML内容，我们应该写入头格式
		outputWriter.write("<?xml version=’1.0′ encoding=’UTF-8′ ?>\n");
		// 创建一个BeanWriter，其将写入到我们预备的stream中
		BeanWriter beanWriter = new BeanWriter(outputWriter);
		// 配置betwixt
		// 更多详情请参考java docs 或最新的文档
		beanWriter.getXMLIntrospector().getConfiguration().setAttributesForPrimitives(false);
		beanWriter.getBindingConfiguration().setMapIDs(false);
		beanWriter.enablePrettyPrint();
		// 如果这个地方不传入XML的根节点名，Betwixt将自己猜测是什么
		// 但是让我们将例子Bean名作为根节点吧
		beanWriter.write("person", new Person("John Smith", 21));
		// 输出结果
		System.out.println(outputWriter.toString());
		// Betwixt写的是片断而不是一个文档，所以不要自动的关闭掉writers或者streams，
		// 但这里仅仅是一个例子，不会做更多事情，所以可以关掉
		outputWriter.close();
		// ****************************将XML转化为JavaBean ************************************************
		// 先创建一个XML，由于这里仅是作为例子，所以我们硬编码了一段XML内容
		StringReader xmlReader = new StringReader("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <person><age>25</age><name>James Smith</name></person>");
		// 创建BeanReader
		BeanReader beanReader = new BeanReader();
		// 配置reader
		beanReader.getXMLIntrospector().getConfiguration().setAttributesForPrimitives(false);
		beanReader.getBindingConfiguration().setMapIDs(false);
		// 注册beans，以便betwixt知道XML将要被转化为一个什么Bean
		beanReader.registerBeanClass("person", Person.class);
		// 现在我们对XML进行解析
		Person person = (Person) beanReader.parse(xmlReader);
		// 输出结果
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

3、commons-codec

提供了一些公共的编解码实现，比如Base64, Hex, MD5,Phonetic and URLs等等。

Java代码

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import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
public class CommonsCodec {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
String encodestr = base64.encodeToString("abcd".getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println("Base64 编码后：" + encodestr);
String decodestr = new String(Base64.decodeBase64("YWJjZA=="));
System.out.println("Base64 解码后："+decodestr);
}
}

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class CommonsCodec {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Base64 base64 = new Base64();
		String encodestr = base64.encodeToString("abcd".getBytes("UTF-8"));
		System.out.println("Base64 编码后：" + encodestr);
		
		String decodestr = new String(Base64.decodeBase64("YWJjZA=="));  
        System.out.println("Base64 解码后："+decodestr);  
	}
}

4、commons-collections

对java.util的扩展封装，处理数据还是挺灵活的。

org.apache.commons.collections – Commons Collections自定义的一组公用的接口和工具类

org.apache.commons.collections.bag – 实现Bag接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.bidimap – 实现BidiMap系列接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.buffer – 实现Buffer接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.collection – 实现java.util.Collection接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.comparators – 实现java.util.Comparator接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.functors – Commons Collections自定义的一组功能类

org.apache.commons.collections.iterators – 实现java.util.Iterator接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue – 实现集合和键/值映射相关的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.list – 实现java.util.List接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.map – 实现Map系列接口的一组类

org.apache.commons.collections.set – 实现Set系列接口的一组类

Java代码

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import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.collections.BidiMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections.OrderedMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.bidimap.TreeBidiMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LinkedMap;
public class CommonsCollections {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//得到集合里按顺序存放的key之后的某一Key
OrderedMap map = new LinkedMap ();
map.put("FIVE", "5");
map.put("SIX", "6");
map.put("SEVEN", "7");
map.firstKey(); // returns "FIVE"
map.nextKey("FIVE"); // returns "SIX"
map.nextKey("SIX"); // returns "SEVEN"
//通过key得到value 通过value得到key 将map里的key和value对调
BidiMap bidi = new TreeBidiMap();
bidi.put("SIX", "6");
bidi.get("SIX"); // returns "6"
bidi.getKey("6"); // returns "SIX"
// bidi.removeValue("6"); // removes the mapping
BidiMap inverse = bidi.inverseBidiMap(); // returns a map with keys and values swapped
System.out.println(inverse);
//得到两个集合中相同的元素
List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
list1.add("1");
list1.add("2");
list1.add("3");
List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<String>();
list2.add("2");
list2.add("3");
list2.add("5");
Collection c = CollectionUtils.retainAll(list1, list2);
System.out.println(c);
}
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.collections.BidiMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections.OrderedMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.bidimap.TreeBidiMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LinkedMap;

public class CommonsCollections {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//得到集合里按顺序存放的key之后的某一Key
		OrderedMap map = new LinkedMap ();
		map.put("FIVE", "5");
		map.put("SIX", "6");
		map.put("SEVEN", "7");
		map.firstKey(); // returns "FIVE"
		map.nextKey("FIVE"); // returns "SIX"
		map.nextKey("SIX"); // returns "SEVEN"

		//通过key得到value 通过value得到key 将map里的key和value对调
		BidiMap bidi = new TreeBidiMap();
		bidi.put("SIX", "6");
		bidi.get("SIX"); // returns "6"
		bidi.getKey("6"); // returns "SIX"
		// bidi.removeValue("6"); // removes the mapping
		BidiMap inverse = bidi.inverseBidiMap(); // returns a map with keys and values swapped
		System.out.println(inverse);

		//得到两个集合中相同的元素
		List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
		list1.add("1");
		list1.add("2");
		list1.add("3");
		List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<String>();
		list2.add("2");
		list2.add("3");
		list2.add("5");
		Collection c = CollectionUtils.retainAll(list1, list2);
		System.out.println(c);
	}
}

5、commons-compress

commons compress中的打包、压缩类库。

Java代码

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveEntry;
import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveOutputStream;
public class CommonsCompress {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建压缩对象
ZipArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("CompressTest");
// 要压缩的文件
File f = new File("e:\\test.pdf");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
// 输出的对象压缩的文件
ZipArchiveOutputStream zipOutput = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(new File("e:\\test.zip"));
zipOutput.putArchiveEntry(entry);
int i = 0, j;
while ((j = fis.read()) != -1) {
zipOutput.write(j);
i++;
System.out.println(i);
}
zipOutput.closeArchiveEntry();
zipOutput.close();
fis.close();
}
}

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;

import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveEntry;
import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveOutputStream;

public class CommonsCompress {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 创建压缩对象
		ZipArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("CompressTest");
		// 要压缩的文件
		File f = new File("e:\\test.pdf");
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
		// 输出的对象 压缩的文件
		ZipArchiveOutputStream zipOutput = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(new File("e:\\test.zip"));
		zipOutput.putArchiveEntry(entry);
		int i = 0, j;
		while ((j = fis.read()) != -1) {
			zipOutput.write(j);
			i++;
			System.out.println(i);
		}
		zipOutput.closeArchiveEntry();
		zipOutput.close();
		fis.close();
	}
}

6、commons-configuration

用来帮助处理配置文件的，支持很多种存储方式。
1. Properties files
2. XML documents
3. Property list files (.plist)
4. JNDI
5. JDBC Datasource
6. System properties
7. Applet parameters
8. Servlet parameters

Java代码

//举一个Properties的简单例子
# usergui.properties
colors.background = #FFFFFF
colors.foreground = #000080
window.width = 500
window.height = 300
PropertiesConfiguration config = new PropertiesConfiguration("usergui.properties");
config.setProperty("colors.background", "#000000);
config.save();
config.save("usergui.backup.properties);//save a copy
Integer integer = config.getInteger("window.width");

7、commons-dbcp

(Database Connection Pool)是一个依赖Jakarta commons-pool对象池机制的数据库连接池,Tomcat的数据源使用的就是DBCP。

Java代码

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import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.DriverManagerConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolingDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.pool.ObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool;
public class CommonsDbcp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("加载jdbc驱动");
try {
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Done.");
//
System.out.println("设置数据源");
DataSource dataSource = setupDataSource("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:test");
System.out.println("Done.");
//
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rset = null;
try {
System.out.println("Creating connection.");
conn = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println("Creating statement.");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("Executing statement.");
rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from person");
System.out.println("Results:");
int numcols = rset.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
while (rset.next()) {
for (int i = 0; i <= numcols; i++) {
System.out.print("\t" + rset.getString(i));
}
System.out.println("");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (rset != null)
rset.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
if (stmt != null)
stmt.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
if (conn != null)
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
public static DataSource setupDataSource(String connectURI) {
// 设置连接地址
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new DriverManagerConnectionFactory(connectURI, null);
// 创建连接工厂
PoolableConnectionFactory poolableConnectionFactory = new PoolableConnectionFactory(connectionFactory, null, null, connectURI, false, false);
// 获取GenericObjectPool 连接的实例
ObjectPool connectionPool = new GenericObjectPool(poolableConnectionFactory);
// 创建 PoolingDriver
PoolingDataSource dataSource = new PoolingDataSource(connectionPool);
return dataSource;
}
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.DriverManagerConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolingDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.pool.ObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool;

public class CommonsDbcp {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("加载jdbc驱动");
		try {
			Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("Done.");
		//
		System.out.println("设置数据源");
		DataSource dataSource = setupDataSource("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:test");
		System.out.println("Done.");

		//
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rset = null;

		try {
			System.out.println("Creating connection.");
			conn = dataSource.getConnection();
			System.out.println("Creating statement.");
			stmt = conn.createStatement();
			System.out.println("Executing statement.");
			rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from person");
			System.out.println("Results:");
			int numcols = rset.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
			while (rset.next()) {
				for (int i = 0; i <= numcols; i++) {
					System.out.print("\t" + rset.getString(i));
				}
				System.out.println("");
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if (rset != null)
					rset.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
			try {
				if (stmt != null)
					stmt.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
			try {
				if (conn != null)
					conn.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
		}
	}

	public static DataSource setupDataSource(String connectURI) {
		// 设置连接地址
		ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new DriverManagerConnectionFactory(connectURI, null);

		// 创建连接工厂
		PoolableConnectionFactory poolableConnectionFactory = new PoolableConnectionFactory(connectionFactory, null, null, connectURI, false, false);

		// 获取GenericObjectPool 连接的实例
		ObjectPool connectionPool = new GenericObjectPool(poolableConnectionFactory);

		// 创建 PoolingDriver
		PoolingDataSource dataSource = new PoolingDataSource(connectionPool);

		return dataSource;
	}
}

8、commons-dbutils

Apache组织提供的一个资源JDBC工具类库，它是对JDBC的简单封装，对传统操作数据库的类进行二次封装，可以把结果集转化成List。，同时也不影响程序的性能。

DbUtils类：启动类
ResultSetHandler接口：转换类型接口
MapListHandler类：实现类，把记录转化成List
BeanListHandler类：实现类，把记录转化成List，使记录为JavaBean类型的对象
Qrery Runner类：执行SQL语句的类

Java代码

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import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
public class CommonsDbutils {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ptest";
String jdbcDriver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
String user = "root";
String password = "ptest";
DbUtils.loadDriver(jdbcDriver);
//****************************转换成list ************************************
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
List results = (List) qr.query(conn, "select id,name from person",new BeanListHandler(Person.class));
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
Person p = (Person) results.get(i);
System.out.println("age:" + p.getAge() + ",name:" + p.getName());
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);
}
//****************************转换成map ************************************
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
List results = (List) qr.query(conn, "select age,name from person",new MapListHandler());
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
Map map = (Map) results.get(i);
System.out.println("age:" + map.get("age") + ",name:"+ map.get("name"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);
}
}
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;

public class CommonsDbutils {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Connection conn = null;
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ptest";
		String jdbcDriver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
		String user = "root";
		String password = "ptest";

		DbUtils.loadDriver(jdbcDriver);
		//****************************转换成list  ************************************
		try {
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
			QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
			List results = (List) qr.query(conn, "select id,name from person",new BeanListHandler(Person.class));
			for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
				Person p = (Person) results.get(i);
				System.out.println("age:" + p.getAge() + ",name:" + p.getName());
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);
		}
		//****************************转换成map  ************************************
		try {
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
			QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
			List results = (List) qr.query(conn, "select age,name from person",new MapListHandler());
			for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
				Map map = (Map) results.get(i);
				System.out.println("age:" + map.get("age") + ",name:"+ map.get("name"));
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			DbUtils.closeQuietly(conn);
		}
	}
}

9、commons-email

提供的一个开源的API，是对javamail的封装。

Java代码

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import org.apache.commons.mail.DefaultAuthenticator;
import org.apache.commons.mail.Email;
import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailException;
import org.apache.commons.mail.SimpleEmail;
public class CommosEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) throws EmailException {
Email email = new SimpleEmail();
email.setHostName("smtp.googlemail.com");
email.setSmtpPort(465);
email.setAuthenticator(new DefaultAuthenticator("username", "password"));
email.setSSLOnConnect(true);
email.setFrom("user@gmail.com");
email.setSubject("TestMail");
email.setMsg("This is a test mail ... :-)");
email.addTo("foo@bar.com");
email.send();
}
}

import org.apache.commons.mail.DefaultAuthenticator;
import org.apache.commons.mail.Email;
import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailException;
import org.apache.commons.mail.SimpleEmail;

public class CommosEmail {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws EmailException {
		Email email = new SimpleEmail();
		email.setHostName("smtp.googlemail.com");
		email.setSmtpPort(465);
		email.setAuthenticator(new DefaultAuthenticator("username", "password"));
		email.setSSLOnConnect(true);
		email.setFrom("user@gmail.com");
		email.setSubject("TestMail");
		email.setMsg("This is a test mail ... :-)");
		email.addTo("foo@bar.com");
		email.send();
	}
}

10、commons-fileupload

java web文件上传功能。

Java代码

//官方示例：
//* 检查请求是否含有上传文件
// Check that we have a file upload request
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
//现在我们得到了items的列表
//如果你的应用近于最简单的情况，上面的处理就够了。但我们有时候还是需要更多的控制。
//下面提供了几种控制选择：
// Create a factory for disk-based file items
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
// Set factory constraints
factory.setSizeThreshold(yourMaxMemorySize);
factory.setRepository(yourTempDirectory);
// Create a new file upload handler
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 设置最大上传大小
upload.setSizeMax(yourMaxRequestSize);
// 解析所有请求
List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request);
// Create a factory for disk-based file items
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(
yourMaxMemorySize, yourTempDirectory);
//一旦解析完成，你需要进一步处理item的列表。
// Process the uploaded items
Iterator iter = items.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();
if (item.isFormField()) {
processFormField(item);
} else {
processUploadedFile(item);
}
}
//区分数据是否为简单的表单数据，如果是简单的数据：
// processFormField
if (item.isFormField()) {
String name = item.getFieldName();
String value = item.getString();
//...省略步骤
}
//如果是提交的文件：
// processUploadedFile
if (!item.isFormField()) {
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
String fileName = item.getName();
String contentType = item.getContentType();
boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
//...省略步骤
}
//对于这些item，我们通常要把它们写入文件，或转为一个流
// Process a file upload
if (writeToFile) {
File uploadedFile = new File(...);
item.write(uploadedFile);
} else {
InputStream uploadedStream = item.getInputStream();
//...省略步骤
uploadedStream.close();
}
//或转为字节数组保存在内存中：
// Process a file upload in memory
byte[] data = item.get();
//...省略步骤
//如果这个文件真的很大，你可能会希望向用户报告到底传了多少到服务端，让用户了解上传的过程
//Create a progress listener
ProgressListener progressListener = new ProgressListener(){
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems) {
System.out.println("We are currently reading item " + pItems);
if (pContentLength == -1) {
System.out.println("So far, " + pBytesRead + " bytes have been read.");
} else {
System.out.println("So far, " + pBytesRead + " of " + pContentLength
+ " bytes have been read.");
}
}
};
upload.setProgressListener(progressListener);

11、commons-httpclient

基于HttpCore实现的一个HTTP/1.1兼容的HTTP客户端，它提供了一系列可重用的客户端身份验证、HTTP状态保持、HTTP连接管理module。

Java代码

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import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
public class CommonsHttpclient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 构造HttpClient的实例
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
// 创建GET方法的实例
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod("http://www.ibm.com");
// 使用系统提供的默认的恢复策略
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,
new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
try {
// 执行getMethod
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println("Method failed: "
+ getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
// 读取内容
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
// 处理内容
System.out.println(new String(responseBody));
} catch (HttpException e) {
// 发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
System.out.println("Please check your provided http address!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// 发生网络异常
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放连接
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
// 构造HttpClient的实例
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
// 创建POST方法的实例
String url = "http://www.oracle.com/";
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
// 填入各个表单域的值
NameValuePair[] data = { new NameValuePair("id", "youUserName"),
new NameValuePair("passwd", "yourPwd") };
// 将表单的值放入postMethod中
postMethod.setRequestBody(data);
// 执行postMethod
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
// HttpClient对于要求接受后继服务的请求，象POST和PUT等不能自动处理转发
// 301或者302
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
|| statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) {
// 从头中取出转向的地址
Header locationHeader = postMethod.getResponseHeader("location");
String location = null;
if (locationHeader != null) {
location = locationHeader.getValue();
System.out.println("The page was redirected to:" + location);
} else {
System.err.println("Location field value is null.");
}
return;
}
}
}

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

public class CommonsHttpclient {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 构造HttpClient的实例
		HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
		// 创建GET方法的实例
		GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod("http://www.ibm.com");
		// 使用系统提供的默认的恢复策略
		getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,
				new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
		try {
			// 执行getMethod
			int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
			if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
				System.err.println("Method failed: "
						+ getMethod.getStatusLine());
			}
			// 读取内容
			byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
			// 处理内容
			System.out.println(new String(responseBody));
		} catch (HttpException e) {
			// 发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
			System.out.println("Please check your provided http address!");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// 发生网络异常
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 释放连接
			getMethod.releaseConnection();
		}

		// 构造HttpClient的实例
		HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
		// 创建POST方法的实例
		String url = "http://www.oracle.com/";
		PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
		// 填入各个表单域的值
		NameValuePair[] data = { new NameValuePair("id", "youUserName"),
				new NameValuePair("passwd", "yourPwd") };
		// 将表单的值放入postMethod中
		postMethod.setRequestBody(data);
		// 执行postMethod
		int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
		// HttpClient对于要求接受后继服务的请求，象POST和PUT等不能自动处理转发
		// 301或者302
		if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
				|| statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) {
			// 从头中取出转向的地址
			Header locationHeader = postMethod.getResponseHeader("location");
			String location = null;
			if (locationHeader != null) {
				location = locationHeader.getValue();
				System.out.println("The page was redirected to:" + location);
			} else {
				System.err.println("Location field value is null.");
			}
			return;
		}
	}
}

12、commons-io

对java.io的扩展操作文件非常方便。

Java代码

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import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileSystemUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
public class CommonsIo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1．读取Stream
// 标准代码：
InputStream in = new URL("http://jakarta.apache.org").openStream();
InputStreamReader inR = new InputStreamReader(in);
BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(inR);
String line;
while ((line = buf.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
in.close();
// 使用IOUtils
InputStream in2 = new URL("http://jakarta.apache.org").openStream();
try {
System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(in2));
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
}
// 2．读取文件
File file = new File("/commons/io/project.properties");
List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");
// 3．察看剩余空间
long freeSpace = FileSystemUtils.freeSpace("C:/");
}
}

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileSystemUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

public class CommonsIo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 1．读取Stream
		// 标准代码：
		InputStream in = new URL("http://jakarta.apache.org").openStream();
		InputStreamReader inR = new InputStreamReader(in);
		BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(inR);
		String line;
		while ((line = buf.readLine()) != null) {
			System.out.println(line);
		}
		in.close();
		
		// 使用IOUtils
		InputStream in2 = new URL("http://jakarta.apache.org").openStream();
		try {
			System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(in2));
		} finally {
			IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
		}

		// 2．读取文件
		File file = new File("/commons/io/project.properties");
		List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");

		// 3．察看剩余空间
		long freeSpace = FileSystemUtils.freeSpace("C:/");
	}
}

13、commos-lang

主要是一些公共的工具集合，比如对字符、数组的操作等等。

Java代码

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import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateFormatUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;
public class CommonsLang {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//********************************ArrayUtils***************************************
// 将两个数组合并为一个数组
String[] s1 = new String[] { "1", "2", "3" };
String[] s2 = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
String[] s = (String[]) ArrayUtils.addAll(s1, s2);
for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
System.out.println(s[i]);
}
String str = ArrayUtils.toString(s);
str = str.substring(1, str.length() - 1);
System.out.println(str + ">>" + str.length());
//********************************StringUtils***************************************
// 截取从from开始字符串
StringUtils.substringAfter("SELECT * FROM PERSON ", "from");
// 判断该字符串是不是为数字(0~9)组成，如果是，返回true 但该方法不识别有小数点和请注意
StringUtils.isNumeric("454534"); // 返回true
// 取得类名
System.out.println(ClassUtils.getShortClassName(CommonsLang.class));
// 取得其包名
System.out.println(ClassUtils.getPackageName(CommonsLang.class));
// 五位的随机字母和数字
System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(5));
// StringEscapeUtils
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml("<html>"));
// 输出结果为<html>
System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("String"));
// StringUtils,判断是否是空格字符
System.out.println(StringUtils.isBlank(" "));
// 将数组中的内容以,分隔
System.out.println(StringUtils.join(s1, ","));
// 在右边加下字符,使之总长度为6
System.out.println(StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 6, 'T'));
// 首字母大写
System.out.println(StringUtils.capitalize("abc"));
// Deletes all whitespaces from a String 删除所有空格
System.out.println(StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(" ab c "));
// 判断是否包含这个字符
System.out.println(StringUtils.contains("abc", "ba"));
// 表示左边两个字符
System.out.println(StringUtils.left("abc", 2));
//********************************DateFormatUtils***************************************
System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
//直接将日期格式化为内置的固定格式
System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.ISO_DATE_FORMAT.format(new Date()));
//字符型日期转化为Date
System.out.println(DateUtils.parseDate("2014-11-11 11:11:11", new String[] { "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", "yyyy-MM-dd", "yyyy/MM/dd" }));
//日期舍入与截整
System.out.println(DateUtils.truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE));
//判断是否是同一天
System.out.println(DateUtils.isSameDay(new Date(), new Date()));
//加天数
System.out.println(DateUtils.addDays(new Date(), 10));
}
}

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateFormatUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;

public class CommonsLang {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//********************************ArrayUtils***************************************
		// 将两个数组合并为一个数组
		String[] s1 = new String[] { "1", "2", "3" };
		String[] s2 = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
		String[] s = (String[]) ArrayUtils.addAll(s1, s2);
		for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
			System.out.println(s[i]);
		}
		String str = ArrayUtils.toString(s);
		str = str.substring(1, str.length() - 1);
		System.out.println(str + ">>" + str.length());
		//********************************StringUtils***************************************
		// 截取从from开始字符串
		StringUtils.substringAfter("SELECT * FROM PERSON ", "from");
		// 判断该字符串是不是为数字(0~9)组成，如果是，返回true 但该方法不识别有小数点和请注意
		StringUtils.isNumeric("454534"); // 返回true
		// 取得类名
		System.out.println(ClassUtils.getShortClassName(CommonsLang.class));
		// 取得其包名
		System.out.println(ClassUtils.getPackageName(CommonsLang.class));
		// 五位的随机字母和数字 
		System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(5));
		// StringEscapeUtils
		System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml("<html>"));
		// 输出结果为<html>
		System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("String"));
		// StringUtils,判断是否是空格字符
		System.out.println(StringUtils.isBlank("   "));
		// 将数组中的内容以,分隔
		System.out.println(StringUtils.join(s1, ","));
		// 在右边加下字符,使之总长度为6
		System.out.println(StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 6, 'T'));
		// 首字母大写 
		System.out.println(StringUtils.capitalize("abc"));
		// Deletes all whitespaces from a String 删除所有空格
		System.out.println(StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("   ab  c  "));
		// 判断是否包含这个字符 
		System.out.println(StringUtils.contains("abc", "ba"));
		// 表示左边两个字符 
		System.out.println(StringUtils.left("abc", 2));
		//********************************DateFormatUtils***************************************
		System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
		//直接将日期格式化为内置的固定格式
		System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.ISO_DATE_FORMAT.format(new Date()));
		//字符型日期转化为Date
		System.out.println(DateUtils.parseDate("2014-11-11 11:11:11", new String[] { "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", "yyyy-MM-dd", "yyyy/MM/dd" }));
		//日期舍入与截整
		System.out.println(DateUtils.truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE));
		//判断是否是同一天
		System.out.println(DateUtils.isSameDay(new Date(), new Date()));
		//加天数
		System.out.println(DateUtils.addDays(new Date(), 10));
	}
}

14、commos-logging

提供的是一个Java 的日志接口,同时兼顾轻量级和不依赖于具体的日志实现工具。

Java代码

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import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class CommosLogging {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CommosLogging.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
log.error("ERROR");
log.debug("DEBUG");
log.warn("WARN");
log.info("INFO");
log.trace("TRACE");
System.out.println(log.getClass());
}
}

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class CommosLogging {
	private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CommosLogging.class);

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		log.error("ERROR");
		log.debug("DEBUG");
		log.warn("WARN");
		log.info("INFO");
		log.trace("TRACE");
		System.out.println(log.getClass());
	}
}

15、Validator

通用验证系统，该组件提供了客户端和服务器端的数据验证框架。

验证日期

Java代码

// 获取日期验证
DateValidator validator = DateValidator.getInstance();
// 验证/转换日期
Date fooDate = validator.validate(fooString, "dd/MM/yyyy");
if (fooDate == null) {
// 错误不是日期
return;
}

表达式验证

Java代码

// 设置参数
boolean caseSensitive = false;
String regex1 = "^([A-Z]*)(?:\\-)([A-Z]*)*$"
String regex2 = "^([A-Z]*)$";
String[] regexs = new String[] {regex1, regex1};
// 创建验证
RegexValidator validator = new RegexValidator(regexs, caseSensitive);
// 验证返回boolean
boolean valid = validator.isValid("abc-def");
// 验证返回字符串
String result = validator.validate("abc-def");
// 验证返回数组
String[] groups = validator.match("abc-def");

配置文件中使用验证

Xml代码

<form-validation>
<global>
<validator name="required"
classname="org.apache.commons.validator.TestValidator"
method="validateRequired"
methodParams="java.lang.Object, org.apache.commons.validator.Field"/>
</global>
<formset>
</formset>
</form-validation>
添加姓名验证.
<form-validation>
<global>
<validator name="required"
classname="org.apache.commons.validator.TestValidator"
method="validateRequired"
methodParams="java.lang.Object, org.apache.commons.validator.Field"/>
</global>
<formset>
<form name="nameForm">
<field property="firstName" depends="required">
<arg0 key="nameForm.firstname.displayname"/>
</field>
<field property="lastName" depends="required">
<arg0 key="nameForm.lastname.displayname"/>
</field>
</form>
</formset>
</form-validation>

验证类

Java代码

Excerpts from org.apache.commons.validator.RequiredNameTest
//加载验证配置文件
InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("validator-name-required.xml");
ValidatorResources resources = new ValidatorResources(in);
//这个是自己创建的bean 我这里省略了
Name name = new Name();
Validator validator = new Validator(resources, "nameForm");
//设置参数
validator.setParameter(Validator.BEAN_PARAM, name);
Map results = null;
//验证
results = validator.validate();
if (results.get("firstName") == null) {
//验证成功
} else {
//有错误 int errors = ((Integer)results.get("firstName")).intValue();
}

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Apache Commons 工具类介绍及简单使用

目录(?)[-]commons-beanutils commons-betwixt commons-codec commons-collectionscommons-compress commons-configurationcommons-dbcpcommons-dbutils commons-email commons-fileuploadcommons-httpclient
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