Tomcat 配置gzip无效

gzip的详细配置请点击笔记：《tomcat的gzip压缩配置及优化效果对比》

提升Tomcat性能方法有很多种，使用NIO Connector和启用gzip压缩是其中两种。

NIO：Java New IO，使用了多路复用的技术，无疑要比普通的IO socket要高效。

gzip：对需要传输到前台的内容首先在内存中进行gzip压缩，这样可以大大的减少网络带宽占用。前提是前台的Accept-Encoding允许gzip。

但是，当同时配置了这两个时，会发现大于48KB的文件并没有进行压缩。

经查Tomcat源码，发现org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet中：

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/**       * Check if sendfile can be used.       */       protected boolean checkSendfile(HttpServletRequest request,                                     HttpServletResponse response,                                     CacheEntry entry,                                     long length, Range range) {           if ((sendfileSize > 0 )               && (entry.resource != null )               && ((length > sendfileSize) || (entry.resource.getContent() == null ))               && (entry.attributes.getCanonicalPath() != null )               && (Boolean.TRUE == request.getAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.support" ))               && (request.getClass().getName().equals( "org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade" ))               && (response.getClass().getName().equals( "org.apache.catalina.connector.ResponseFacade" ))) {               request.setAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.filename" , entry.attributes.getCanonicalPath());               if (range == null ) {                   request.setAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.start" , new Long(0L));                   request.setAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.end" , new Long(length));               } else {                   request.setAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.start" , new Long(range.start));                   request.setAttribute( "org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.end" , new Long(range.end + 1 ));               }               return true ;           } else {               return false ;           }       }

此处的sendfileSize = 48*1024，默认值为48KB，可以发现，当文件大小大于48KB时，Tomcat并未马上将内容写回到output中，而是把文件的路径记录下来。

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/**       * Serve the specified resource, optionally including the data content.       *       * @param request The servlet request we are processing       * @param response The servlet response we are creating       * @param content Should the content be included?       *       * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs       * @exception ServletException if a servlet-specified error occurs       */       protected void serveResource(HttpServletRequest request,                                    HttpServletResponse response,                                    boolean content)           throws IOException, ServletException {                   ......                   // Copy the input stream to our output stream (if requested)               if (content) {                   try {                       response.setBufferSize(output);                   } catch (IllegalStateException e) {                       // Silent catch                   }                   if (ostream != null ) {                       if (!checkSendfile(request, response, cacheEntry, contentLength, null ))                           copy(cacheEntry, renderResult, ostream);                   } else {                       copy(cacheEntry, renderResult, writer);                   }               }                               ......           }

并在Http11Processor的process方法的最后一部分，把文件内容以FileChannel的形式写回到前台，不需要先把文件内容先读到用户内存->压缩->写回socket内核内存。

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/**       * Process pipelined HTTP requests using the specified input and output       * streams.       *       * @throws IOException error during an I/O operation       */       public SocketState process(NioChannel socket)           throws IOException {                        ......               // Do sendfile as needed: add socket to sendfile and end               if (sendfileData != null && !error) {                   KeyAttachment ka = (KeyAttachment)socket.getAttachment( false );                   ka.setSendfileData(sendfileData);                   sendfileData.keepAlive = keepAlive;                   SelectionKey key = socket.getIOChannel().keyFor(socket.getPoller().getSelector());                   //do the first write on this thread, might as well                   openSocket = socket.getPoller().processSendfile(key,ka, true , true );                   break ;               }           ......           }

这种NIO底层读写channel的形式避免了读取到用户内存的开销，也可以提升性能。

目前，尚不清楚使用NIO快，还是gzip较快，有待测试。

如果在使用NIO的同时还一定要用gzip，可以关闭NIO Connector的useSendFile选项。

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<Connector port= "8080" protocol= "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"                  connectionTimeout= "20000"                   redirectPort= "8443"                   useSendfile= "false"                   compression= "on"                    compressionMinSize= "2048"                    noCompressionUserAgents= "gozilla, traviata"                    compressableMimeType= "text/html,text/xml,text/javascript" />

参考地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/config/http.html