CentOS release 6.3 下格式化并挂载硬盘

如下是红色部分即为操作的命令，给有需要的人！！

Last login: Fri Nov  7 18:46:08 2014 from 116.22.235.50

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b18a0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1046     8192000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3            1046        7833    54516736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata: 55.8 GB, 55821991936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6786 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot
[root@localhost ~]#  
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b18a0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1046     8192000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3            1046        7833    54516736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata: 55.8 GB, 55821991936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6786 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9010e785.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):   m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-39162, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-39162, default 39162): 
Using default value 39162

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 85
You cannot change a partition into an extended one or vice versa
Delete it first.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9010e785

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       39162   314568733+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b18a0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1046     8192000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3            1046        7833    54516736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9010e785

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       39162   314568733+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata: 55.8 GB, 55821991936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6786 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot
[root@localhost ~]#    
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# reboot（重启机器）

Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain
        (/dev/pts/0) at 22:08 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

Last login: Thu Nov 13 21:54:56 2014 from 61.190.15.154

--------------------------------------------------如下是机器重启后的操作：--------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9010e785

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       39162   314568733+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b18a0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1046     8192000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3            1046        7833    54516736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata: 55.8 GB, 55821991936 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6786 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]#   mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1（此步骤需重启后再执行）
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19660800 inodes, 78642183 blocks
3932109 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
2400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:  done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]#   mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
mount: mount point /data1 does not exist
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# mkdir data1
[root@localhost /]#   mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot
/dev/sdb1             296G  191M  281G   1% /data1
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@localhost /]# more /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 24 11:33:32 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=29a5af09-8cc9-4b3f-b7fb-fd9ebba28acb /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=ad802bff-2083-4bb3-95ec-0c8e19ad17d5 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1          /data1                ext3    defaults       0 0（上面的VI操作，就是添加这一行）
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/voldata-lvdata
                       52G  3.3G   46G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  152M  18% /boot

/dev/sdb1             296G  191M  281G   1% /data1