Java 线程同步（wait、notify、notifyAll）

一、方法介绍

1、void wait()

使得线程进入等待状态，直到它被其他线程通过notify()或者notifyAll唤醒。该方法只能在同步方法（void synchronized methodName( args... ){ ... }）或者 “同步块内部“ （synchronized(object){ ... }）被调用。如果当前线程不是锁的持有者，该方法会抛出一个IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

即如果锁住的是object，那么你只能调用object的wait()方法。

2、void notify()

随机选择一个在该对象上调用wait方法的线程，解除其阻塞状态。该方法只能在同步方法（void synchronized methodName( args... ){ ... }）或者 “同步块内部“ （synchronized(object){ ... }）被调用。如果当前线程不是锁的持有者，该方法会抛出一个IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

3、void notifyAll()

解除所有那些在该对象上调用wait方法的线程的阻塞状态。该方法只能在同步方法（void synchronized methodName( args... ){ ... }）或者 “同步块内部“ （synchronized(object){ ... }）被调用。如果当前线程不是锁的持有者，该方法会抛出一个IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

二、范例讲解（ 注意测试类A只能声明为外部类，下面代码在 class A 和 main方法 之间 省略了MainClass { ... } ）

1、“同步块”测试

（1）加synchronized(){}

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	A object = new A();
	System.out.println("Main Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	synchronized (object) {
		try {
			System.out.println("This Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			object.wait();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			</span>e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

输出

（2）不加synchronized(){}

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	A object = new A();
	System.out.println("Main Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	//synchronized (object) {
		try {
			</span>System.out.println("This Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			</span>object.wait();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			</span>e.printStackTrace();
		}
	//}
}

输出如下，L24指的是object.wait()的那行

2、同步方法测试

（1）synchronized方法前缀

class A
{
	public synchronized void test() throws InterruptedException {
		//synchronized (this) {
			System.out.println("Object Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			wait();
		//}
	};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	A object = new A();
	System.out.println("Main Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	//synchronized (object) {
		try {
			System.out.println("This Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			//object.wait();
			object.test();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	//}
}

输出

（2）不synchronized方法前缀

class A
{
	public void test() throws InterruptedException {
		//synchronized (this) {
			System.out.println("Object Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			wait();
		//}
	};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	A object = new A();
	System.out.println("Main Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	//synchronized (object) {
		try {
			System.out.println("This Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			//object.wait();
			object.test();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	//}
}

输出

3、使用其它锁对象测试

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	A object = new A();
	Object object2 = new Object();
	System.out.println("Main Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	synchronized (object) {
	//synchronized (object2) {
		try {
			System.out.println("This Thread Id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			object.wait();
			//object.test();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

输出：

4、wait、notify进行线程同步

（1）一（wait）对一（notify）模式

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	final A object = new A();
	System.out.println("main thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			synchronized (object) {
				try {
					System.out.println("before wait thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					object.wait();
					System.out.println("after wait thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}).start();
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (object) {
				System.out.println("before notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				object.notify();
				System.out.println("after notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			}
		}
	}).start();
}

输出

（2）多（wait）对一（notify）模式

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	final A object = new A();
	System.out.println("main thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			synchronized (object) {
				try {
					System.out.println("before wait1 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					object.wait();
					System.out.println("after wait1 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}).start();
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				synchronized (object) {
					try {
						System.out.println("before wait2 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
						object.wait();
						System.out.println("after wait2 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}).start();
		
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (object) {
				System.out.println("before notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				object.notify();
				System.out.println("after notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			}
		}
	}).start();
}

输出

5、notifyAll

class A{}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	final A object = new A();
	System.out.println("main thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			synchronized (object) {
				try {
					System.out.println("before wait1 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					object.wait();
					System.out.println("after wait1 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}).start();
	
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				synchronized (object) {
					try {
						System.out.println("before wait2 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
						object.wait();
						System.out.println("after wait2 thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}).start();
		
	new Thread(new Runnable() {
		
		@Override
		public void run() {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (object) {
				System.out.println("before notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
				object.notifyAll();
				System.out.println("after notify thread id = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
			}
		}
	}).start();
}

输出

三、总结：

（1）由1和2可以看出：object.wait()方法只能在同步方法（void synchronized methodName( args... ){ ... }）或者 “同步块内部“ （synchronized(object){ ... }）被调用，否则会抛出一个IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

（2）由3可以看出：object.wait()方法只能在锁住自己的情况下被调用，否则会抛出一个IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

（3）由4可得：一个notify只能唤醒一个wait的线程

（4）由5可得：一个notifyAll可以唤醒多个wait的线程

四、注意点：（网上很多博客都讲的不清不楚的，龙神我估计他们就没有花时间真正的去测试过）

wait、notify和notifyAll方法是Object类的final native方法。所以这些方法不能被子类重写，Object类是所有类的超类，因此在程序中有以下三种形式调用wait等方法：

1、wait()

2、this.wait()

3、super.wait()

这三个方法是等价的。