C/C++ Windows API——ICMP

// IcmpDemo.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>//inet_ntop, inet_pton

#pragma comment(lib, "WS2_32.lib")

#define RECV_BUFF_SIZE  1024

struct icmp_header {
    unsigned char type;     //消息类型
    unsigned char code;     //代码
    unsigned short checksum;//校验和
    unsigned short id;      //唯一标识此请求的id,一般设为进程ID
    unsigned short sequence;//序列号
};

#define ICMP_HEADER_SIZE    sizeof(icmp_header)
#define ICMP_PACKET_SIZE    (ICMP_HEADER_SIZE + 32)
/*
ICMP协议的"类型码"与"代码"根据不同的情况，各自取不同的值
Ping命令的类型码用到了2个值，分别是0和8，而代码的取值都是0
发送方：
(1)当类型码取值为0，代码取值为0时，表示"请求回显"
(2)当类型码取值为8，代码取值为0时，表示"回送回答"
接收方正好相反
*/
#define ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST 0x08
#define ICMP_ECHO_REPLY   0x00

unsigned short calcChecksum(struct icmp_header *picmp, int len) {
    picmp->checksum = 0;
    //把IP数据包的校验和字段置为0
    long sum = 0;
    //把首部看成以16位为单位的数字组成，依次进行二进制求和（注意：求和时应将最高位的进位保存，所以加法应采用32位加法）
    unsigned short *pusicmp = (unsigned short *)picmp;
    while (len > 1) {
        sum += *(pusicmp++);
        //加法过程中产生的进位（最高位的进位）加到低16位（采用32位加法时，即为将高16位与低16位相加，之后还要把该次加法最高位产生的进位加到低16位）
        if (sum & 0x80000000) {
            sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
        }
        len -= 2;
    }
    //如果长度是奇数,还要加上最后1字节
    if (len) {
        sum += (unsigned short)*(unsigned char*)pusicmp;
    }
    while (sum >> 16) {
        sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
    }
    //将上述的和取反，即得到校验和。
    return (unsigned short)~sum;
}

void ping(const char *szDestIp) {
    BOOL ret;

    char szBuff[ICMP_PACKET_SIZE] = { 0 };
    struct icmp_header *pIcmp = (struct icmp_header *)szBuff;

    WSADATA wsaData;
    WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    ret = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (ret != 0) {
        printf("WSAStartup() called failed!\n");
        return;
    }
    else {
        printf("WSAStartup() called success!\n");
    }
    //主版本号在低位，副版本号在高位。这是由小端性质决定的
    if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
        //若不是所请求的版本号2.2,则终止WinSock库的使用 
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }

    /*
    创建套接字
    WINSOCK_API_LINKAGE _Must_inspect_result_ SOCKET WSAAPI socket(
        _In_ int af,
        _In_ int type,
        _In_ int protocol
    );

    AF 表示ADDRESS FAMILY 地址族
    PF 表示PROTOCL FAMILY 协议族
    所以在windows中AF_INET与PF_INET完全一样
    而在Unix/Linux系统中，在不同的版本中这两者有微小差别,对于BSD,是AF,对于POSIX是PF
    #define PF_INET         AF_INET

    #define SOCK_STREAM     1               // stream socket
    #define SOCK_DGRAM      2               // datagram socket
    #define SOCK_RAW        3               // raw-protocol interface
    #define SOCK_RDM        4               // reliably-delivered message
    #define SOCK_SEQPACKET  5               // sequenced packet stream

    typedef enum {
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    IPPROTO_HOPOPTS       = 0,  // IPv6 Hop-by-Hop options
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    IPPROTO_ICMP          = 1,
    IPPROTO_IGMP          = 2,
    IPPROTO_GGP           = 3,
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    IPPROTO_IPV4          = 4,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_ST            = 5,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_TCP           = 6,
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_CBT           = 7,
    IPPROTO_EGP           = 8,
    IPPROTO_IGP           = 9,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_PUP           = 12,
    IPPROTO_UDP           = 17,
    IPPROTO_IDP           = 22,
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_RDP           = 27,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)

    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    IPPROTO_IPV6          = 41, // IPv6 header
    IPPROTO_ROUTING       = 43, // IPv6 Routing header
    IPPROTO_FRAGMENT      = 44, // IPv6 fragmentation header
    IPPROTO_ESP           = 50, // encapsulating security payload
    IPPROTO_AH            = 51, // authentication header
    IPPROTO_ICMPV6        = 58, // ICMPv6
    IPPROTO_NONE          = 59, // IPv6 no next header
    IPPROTO_DSTOPTS       = 60, // IPv6 Destination options
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)

    IPPROTO_ND            = 77,
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    IPPROTO_ICLFXBM       = 78,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0501)
    #if(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_PIM           = 103,
    IPPROTO_PGM           = 113,
    IPPROTO_L2TP          = 115,
    IPPROTO_SCTP          = 132,
    #endif//(_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600)
    IPPROTO_RAW           = 255,

    IPPROTO_MAX           = 256,
    //
    //  These are reserved for internal use by Windows.
    //
    IPPROTO_RESERVED_RAW  = 257,
    IPPROTO_RESERVED_IPSEC  = 258,
    IPPROTO_RESERVED_IPSECOFFLOAD  = 259,
    IPPROTO_RESERVED_WNV = 260,
    IPPROTO_RESERVED_MAX  = 261
    } IPPROTO, *PIPROTO;
    */
    //SOCKET s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
    SOCKET s = WSASocket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);

    //设置接收超时(仅对非阻塞有用)
    struct timeval tv;
    tv.tv_sec = 3;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;
    int setResult;
    setResult = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char*)&tv, sizeof(tv));
    if (setResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        printf("setsockopt SO_RCVTIMEO fail(%d)\n", WSAGetLastError());
    }
    else {
        printf("setsockopt SO_RCVTIMEO succ\n");
    }
    int ttl = 64;
    setResult = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, (const char*)&ttl, sizeof(ttl));
    if (setResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        printf("setsockopt IP_TTL fail(%d)\n", WSAGetLastError());
    }
    else {
        printf("setsockopt IP_TTL succ\n");
    }

    //设置目的地址
    sockaddr_in dest_addr;
    dest_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
    inet_pton(PF_INET, szDestIp, &dest_addr.sin_addr);
    dest_addr.sin_port = htons(0);

    //绑定端口
    //bind(s, (SOCKADDR *)&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr));

    //构造ICMP封包
    unsigned short sequence = 0;
    pIcmp->type = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST;
    pIcmp->code = 0;
    //pIcmp->id = GetCurrentProcessId();
    pIcmp->id = 0x0100;
    pIcmp->checksum = 0;

    while(sequence < 4) {
        pIcmp->sequence = sequence++;

        //拷贝数据,这里的数据可以是任意的
        memcpy((szBuff + ICMP_HEADER_SIZE), "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi", 32);

        //计算校验和
        pIcmp->checksum = calcChecksum((struct icmp_header *)szBuff, ICMP_PACKET_SIZE);

        //发送和接收
        sockaddr_in recv_addr;
        char szRecvBuff[RECV_BUFF_SIZE];
        int addrLen = sizeof(recv_addr);
        int sendLen = sendto(s, szBuff, ICMP_PACKET_SIZE, 0, (SOCKADDR *)&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr));
        if (sendLen == SOCKET_ERROR) {
            printf("sendto -> sendLen=%d -> fail(%d)\n", sendLen, WSAGetLastError());
        }
        else {
            printf("sendto -> sendLen=%d -> succ\n", sendLen);

            int recvLen = recvfrom(s, szRecvBuff, RECV_BUFF_SIZE, 0, (SOCKADDR *)&recv_addr, &addrLen);
            if (recvLen == SOCKET_ERROR) {
                printf("recvfrom -> recvLen=%d -> fail(%d)\n", recvLen, WSAGetLastError());
            }
            else {
                printf("recvfrom -> recvLen=%d -> succ\n", recvLen);

                //判断接收到的是否是自己请求的地址
                char szRecvIp[20];
                inet_ntop(PF_INET, &recv_addr.sin_addr, szRecvIp, 20);

                printf("szRecvIp is %s\n", szRecvIp);

                if (strcmp(szRecvIp, szDestIp)) {
                    ret = FALSE;
                }
                else {
                    ret = TRUE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    closesocket(s);

    WSACleanup();
}

int main()
{
    const char *dest_addr = "127.0.0.1";
    ping(dest_addr);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

遇到的问题
　在中途做的时候也有碰到 WSAError（10060）的错误
　注意：该错误必须使用GetWSAError()，使用GetLastError()并不能获得真正的错误。
　　
解决思路：
　用WireShark抓icmp包。然后执行该程序，再与该程序的包进行对比。
　以下2种原因都可能导致该错误。

• 长度错误 –> ICMP包没有“时间戳”字段
• 校验和计算错误