Set 和 Map-CSDN博客

Set

1：基本概念

类数组对象, 内部元素唯一

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]);
  console.log(set);
  // Set(3){ 1, 2, 3 } 

  [...set];
  // [1, 2, 3]

接收数组或迭代器对象

  let set = new Set(document.getElementsByName('div'));
  set.size;
  // 0 
  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]);

不存在隐式转换

  let set = new Set([5, '5']);
  set;
  // Set(2){ 5, '5' } 

  let set = new Set([NaN, NaN]);
  set;
  // Set(1){ NaN } 

  let set = new Set([{}, {}]);
  set;
  // Set(2){ {...}, {...} } 

  let set = new Set('abcdabcd');
  set;
  // Set(4){ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' }

2：属性和方法

size ，返回当前Set元素总数

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
  set.size;
  // 4

add ，添加元素，返回新的Set

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
  set.add(5);
  // Set(5){ 1, 2, 3， 4， 5 }

delete ，删除元素，返回成功与否

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
  set.delete(4);
  // true

has ，是否包含某个元素

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
  set.has(4);
  // true

clear ，清空Set

  let set = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
  set.clear();
  set;
  // Set(0){ }

3：Set遍历

keys()

  let set = new Set(['Eric', 'Iven', 'David']);
  set.keys();
  // SetIterator {"Eric", "Iven", "David"}

  [...set.keys()];
  //(3) ["Eric","Iven","David"]

values()

  let set = new Set(['Eric', 'Iven', 'David']);
  set.values();
  // SetIterator {"Eric", "Iven", "David"}

entries()

  let set = new Set(['Eric', 'Iven', 'David']);
  set.entries();
  // SetIterator {"Eric" => "Eric", "Iven" => "Iven", "David" => "David"}

forEach()

  let set = new Set(['Eric', 'Iven', 'David']);
  set.forEach(s => s);
  //
  Eric
  Iven
  David

4：WeakSet（弱应用）

只能放置对象的弱引用Se
其他对象不再引用该对象(DOM), 垃圾回收机制会自动回收该对象所占用的内存
适合临时存放一组对象
无size
不可遍历
add
delete
has

Map

1：基本概念

各种类型的值(包括对象)都可以当作键的键值对结构

  let map = new Map();
  let names = ['Eric', 'Iven'];

  map.set(names, 'Eric and Iven');
  map.get(names);
  // Eric and Iven

接收迭代器对象

  let map = new Map([
    ['name', 'Eric'],
    ['name', 'Iven']
  ]);
  map;
  // Map(1) {"name" => "Iven"}

特殊值处理

  let map = new Map();
  map.set(-0, 1);
  map.get(+0);
  // 1 

  let map = new Map();
  map.set(true, 1);
  map.set('true', 2);
  map.get(true);
  // 1 

  let map = new Map();
  map.set(undefined, 1);
  map.set(null, 2);
  map.get(undefined);
  // 1 


  let map = new Map();
  map.set(NaN, 1);
  map.get(NaN);
  // 1

同一个键多次赋值, 后面的值将覆盖前面的值

2：属性和方法

size

set(key,value)，返回新的Map

  let map = new Map();
  map.set(1,1).set(2,2);
  //Map(2) {1 => 1,2 => 2}

get，不存在返回undefined
has，返回是否包含键值
delete，返回成功与否
clear，清空

3：Map遍历

keys()
values()
entries()

forEnch()，第二个参数绑定this

  let map = new Map([
    ['name', 'Eric'],
    ['name', 'Iven']
  ]);

  let customLog = {
    info: function(key, value) {
      console.log(value);
    }
  };

  map.forEach(function(value, key, map) {
    this.info(key, value);
  }, customLog);
  // Iven

4：WeakMap

只能放置对象的弱引用Map
其他对象不再引用该对象, 垃圾回收机制会自动回收该对象所占用的内存
存放DOM

处理私有属性

  const _totalCount = new WeakMap();
  class Cat {
    constructor(count) {
      _totalCount.set(this, count);
    }
    getCount() {
      let count = _totalCount.get(this);
      // ... 
      return count;
    }
  }
  const number = 123456;
  const cat = new Cat(number);