Netty是一个提供异步事件驱动的网络应用框架,用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。也就是说它是一个NIO框架,使用它可以简单快速地开发网络应用程序。Netty大大简化了网络程序的开发过程比如TCP和UDP的 Socket的开发。学习netty前需要对NIO理解得很透彻,可参考我另一篇文章java NIO或者网上找资料学习一下。
下面分别以类似HelloWorld的最基础案例来学习,案例是基于网络通信的。所以有Server端和Client端,当然客户端可以在本地使用telnet命令来测试。netty3和netty5版本在API上区别较大,下面是Netty3的一个例子。
Netty3 Server:
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- public class Server {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 服务类,用于启动netty 在netty5中同样使用这个类来启动
- ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- // 新建两个线程池 boss线程监听端口,worker线程负责数据读写
- ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- // 设置niosocket工厂 类似NIO程序新建ServerSocketChannel和SocketChannel
- bootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boss, worker));
- // 设置管道的工厂
- bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
- @Override
- public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
- ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
- pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
- pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
- pipeline.addLast("helloHandler", new HelloHandler()); //添加一个Handler来处理客户端的事件,Handler需要继承ChannelHandler
- return pipeline;
- }
- });
- bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(10101));
- System.out.println("start!!!");
- }
- }
HelloHandler类:
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- public class HelloHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {
- /** 接收消息*/
- @Override
- public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
- String s = (String) e.getMessage();
- System.out.println(s);
- //回写数据
- ctx.getChannel().write("HelloWorld");
- super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 捕获异常*/
- @Override
- public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
- super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 新连接*/
- @Override
- public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelConnected");
- super.channelConnected(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 必须是链接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发 */
- @Override
- public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
- super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
- }
- /** channel关闭的时候触发 */
- @Override
- public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelClosed");
- super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
- }
- }
到这里就可以启动Server端了。
netty3 Client:
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- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 客户端的启动类
- ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();
- //线程池
- ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- //socket工厂
- bootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boss, worker));
- //管道工厂
- bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
- @Override
- public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
- ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
- pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
- pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
- pipeline.addLast("hiHandler", new HiHandler());
- return pipeline;
- }
- });
- //连接服务端
- ChannelFuture connect = bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 10101));
- Channel channel = connect.getChannel();
- System.out.println("client start");
- Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
- while(true){
- System.out.println("请输入");
- channel.write(scanner.next());
- }
- }
- }
客户端不断等待终端输入并写入通道。服务端接收到新的输入后会获取到输入的信息。对服务端的回写客户端也需要一个Handler来处理。下面是这客户端HiHandler的代码
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- public class HiHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {
- /** 接收消息*/
- @Override
- public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
- String s = (String) e.getMessage();
- System.out.println(s);
- super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 捕获异常*/
- @Override
- public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
- super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 新连接*/
- @Override
- public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelConnected");
- super.channelConnected(ctx, e);
- }
- /** 必须是链接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发*/
- @Override
- public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
- super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
- }
- /** channel关闭的时候触发*/
- @Override
- public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("channelClosed");
- super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
- }
- }
至此就完成了Netty3的一个最基础的例子。