Windows Data Types
Windows数据类型
由微软Windows操作系统所支持的各种数据类型是用来定义函数的返回值、函数和消息的参数以及结构体成员(因为Win32程序是用C语言来编写,所以没有“类”这个概念)的。这些数据类型定义了上述元素的尺码(在内存中的,也就是占用内存的字节数)和含义。笔者以前一直不太注意这些东西,结果在程序设计时可谓步履维艰。不同类型的常/变量,在程序用扮演的角色相去甚远,了解这些类型,对剖析程序的工作原理是非常有用的。今天又是周末,我把这些类型列出来,然后把它们的“原形”也找出来——是不是很像“照妖镜”呀。
下面这张表里包括这些类型:字符类型(character),整数类型(integer),逻辑值类型(布尔型,海峡那边的兄弟们喜欢叫“布林型”,Boolean),指针类型(pointer),句柄型(handle)。其中,字符类型、整数类型和逻辑值(布尔)类型是C语言编译器通用的,也就是与标准C语言一样。大多数指针类型都是以P(Pointer)或者LP(Long Pointer)前缀开头。“句柄”是指被装载进内存的一个资源(本质而言就是指一定范围内的唯一编号)。
下面这张表是我结合MSDN里的资料制作的,因为自己也是初学,做的还比较粗糙,请大家多多指正:)
Windows数据类型 | 本质类型 | 字节数 | 定义过程(来历) | 含义 | ||||
ATOM | unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short→WORD→ATOM | 在Atom表中,一键(16位整数)一值(一个String)为一个Atom。 | ||||
BOOL | int | * | int→BOOL | 逻辑变量,布尔值 (取值为 TRUE 或 FALSE) | ||||
BOOLEAN | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→BYTE→BOOLEAN | 逻辑变量,布尔值 (取值为 TRUE 或 FALSE) | ||||
BYTE | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→BYTE | 字节型,8位。 | ||||
CALLBACK | __stdcall | 调用 | __stdcall→CALLBACK | 回调函数的调用约定 | ||||
CHAR | char | 1 | char→CHAR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI) | ||||
COLORREF | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→COLORREF | 红,绿,蓝(RGB)值 | ||||
CONST | const | 关键字 | const→CONST | 常量 | ||||
CRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION结构体 | ? | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION(结构)→CRITICAL_SECTION | Critical-section对象 | ||||
DWORD | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD | 32位无符号整数 | ||||
DWORD_PTR | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG_PTR→DWORD_PTR(另有其它路径) | 略……(用处挺大,不过太长了) | ||||
DWORD32 | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→DWORD32 | 32位无符号整数 | ||||
DWORD64 | unsigned __int64 | 8 | unsigned __int64→DWORD64 | 64位无符号整数 | ||||
FLOAT | float | 4 | float→FLOAT | 浮点数变量 | ||||
HACCEL | HACCEL__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义的指向HACCEL__结构体的指针 | 快捷键列表的句柄 | ||||
HANDLE | void *(一个地址) |
| void *→HANDLE | 对象的句柄 | ||||
HBITMAP | HBITMAP__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义的指向HBITMAP__结构体的指针 | 位图的句柄 | ||||
HBRUSH | HBRUSH__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 画刷的句柄 | ||||
HCONV | HCONV__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 动态数据交换(DDE)会话的句柄 | ||||
HCONVLIST | HCONVLIST__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 动态数据交换(DDE)会话列表的句柄 | ||||
HCURSOR | HICON__结构体指针 |
| HICON__ *→HICON→HCURSOR | 光标的句柄 | ||||
HDC | HDC__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 设备上下文(DC)的句柄 | ||||
HDDEDATA | HDDEDATA__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 动态数据交换数据的句柄 | ||||
HDESK | HDESK__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 桌面(Desktop)的句柄 | ||||
HDROP | HDROP__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | Handle to an internal drop structure. | ||||
HDWP | void *(一个地址) |
| void *→HANDLE→HDWP | Handle to a deferred window position structure. | ||||
HENHMETAFILE | HENHMETAFILE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 增强图元文件的句柄 | ||||
HFILE | int | * | int→HFILE | 由OpenFile(而不是CreateFile)打开的文件的句柄. | ||||
HFONT | HFONT__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 字体的句柄 | ||||
HGDIOBJ | void near * |
| void NEAR *→HGDIOBJ | GDI对象的句柄 | ||||
HGLOBAL | void *(一个地址) |
| void *→HANDLE→HGLOBAL | 全局内存块的句柄 | ||||
HHOOK | HHOOK__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 句子(hook)的句柄 | ||||
HICON | HICON__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 图标的句柄 | ||||
HIMAGELIST | _IMAGELIST结构体指针 |
| _IMAGELIST *→HIMAGELIST | 图片列表的句柄 | ||||
HIMC | HIMC__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 输入上下文的句柄 | ||||
HINSTANCE | HINSTANCE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 实例的句柄 | ||||
HKEY | HKEY__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义……(另有一条路径,一样) | 注册表键的句柄 | ||||
HKL | HKL__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 输入点标识符 | ||||
HLOCAL | void *(一个地址) |
| void *→HANDLE→HLOCAL | 本地内存块的句柄 | ||||
HMENU | HMENU__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 菜单的句柄 | ||||
HMETAFILE | HMETAFILE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 图元文件的句柄 | ||||
HMODULE | HINSTANCE__结构体指针 |
| HINSTANCE__*→HINSTANCE→HMODULE | 模块的句柄。值由模块的位置来决定。 | ||||
HMONITOR | HMONITOR__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 显示器的句柄 | ||||
HPALETTE | HPALETTE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 调色板的句柄 | ||||
HPEN | HPEN__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 画(线)笔的句柄 | ||||
HRGN | HRGN__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 区域的句柄 | ||||
HRSRC | HRSRC__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 资源的句柄 | ||||
HSZ | HSZ__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 动态数据交换(DDE)字符串的句柄 | ||||
HWINSTA | HWINSTA__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 窗口状态的句柄 | ||||
HWND | HWND__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | 窗口的句柄 | ||||
INT | int | * | int→INT | 32位有符号整数 | ||||
INT_PTR | int(_W64 int即__w64 int) | * | _W64 int→INT_PTR,_W64就是__w64,是为了解决32位与64位编译器的兼容性而设置的关键字 | 用于指针运算 | ||||
INT32 | signed int | * | signed int→INT32 | 32位有符号整数 | ||||
INT64 | signed __int64 | 8 | signed __int64→INT64 | 64位有符号整数 | ||||
LANGID | unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short→WORD→LANGID | 语言标识符 | ||||
LCID | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→LCID | Locale identifier. | ||||
LCTYPE | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→LCTYPE | Locale information type. | ||||
LONG | long | 4 | long→LONG | 32位有符号整数 | ||||
LONG_PTR | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR | 用于指针运算 | ||||
LONG32 | signed int | * | signed int→LONG32 | 32位有符号整数 | ||||
LONG64 | __int64 | 8 | __int64→LONG64 | 64位有符号整数 | ||||
LONGLONG | __int64 | 8 | __int64→LONGLONG | 64位有符号整数 | ||||
LPARAM | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR→LPARAM | 消息的参数 | ||||
LPBOOL | int * |
| int→BOOL, BOOL far *→LPBOOL | BOOL类型的指针 | ||||
LPBYTE | unsigned char * |
| unsigned char→BYTE,BYTE far *→LPBYTE | BYTE类型的指针 | ||||
LPCOLORREF | unsigned long * |
| unsigned long→WORD,DWORD *→LPCOLORREF | 颜色值的指针 | ||||
LPCRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION结构体指针 |
| RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION *PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION→,PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION→LPCRITICAL_SECTION | CRITICAL_SECTION的指针 | ||||
LPCSTR | 静态char * |
| char→CHAR,CONST CHAR *→LPCSTR | 静态8位Windows字符(ANSI)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
LPCTSTR | 静态wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→LPCWSTR,LPCWSTR→LPCTSTR | 如果UNICODE已定义则为LPCWSTR,否则为LPCTSTR | ||||
LPCVOID | 静态void * |
| CONST void far *→LPCVOID | 任何类型的静态指针 | ||||
LPCWSTR | 静态wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→LPCWSTR | 静态16位Windows字符(Unicode)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
LPDWORD | unsigned long * |
| unsigned long→DWORD,DWORD far *→LPDWORD | DWORD的指针 | ||||
LPHANDLE | 指向句柄的指针 |
| void *→HANDLE,HANDLE FAR *→LPHANDLE | HANDLE的指针 | ||||
LPINT | int * |
| int far *→LPINT | INT的指针 | ||||
LPLONG | long * |
| long far *→LPLONG | LONG的指针 | ||||
LPSTR | char * |
| char→CHAR,CHAR *→LPSTR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
LPTSTR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR,LPWSTR→LPTSTR | An LPWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPSTR otherwise. | ||||
LPVOID | void * |
| void far *→LPVOID | 任何类型的指针 | ||||
LPWORD | unsigned short * |
| unsigned short→WORD,WORD far *→LPWORD | WORD的指针 | ||||
LPWSTR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR | 16位Windows字符(ANSI)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
LRESULT | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR→LRESULT | 有符号的消息处理结果 | ||||
LUID | LUID结构 |
|
| 局部唯一标识符 | ||||
PBOOL | int * |
| int→BOOL,BOOL near *→PBOOL | BOOL的指针 | ||||
PBOOLEAN | unsigned char * |
| unsigned char→BYTE→BOOLEAN,BOOLEAN *→PBOOLEAN | BOOL的指针 | ||||
PBYTE | unsigned char * |
| unsigned char→BYTE,BYTE near *→PBYTE | BYTE的指针 | ||||
PCHAR | char * |
| char→CHAR,CHAR *→PCHAR | CHAR的指针 | ||||
PCRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION结构体指针 |
| RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION *→PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION,PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION→PCRITICAL_SECTION | CRITICAL_SECTION的指针 | ||||
PCSTR | 静态char * |
| char→CHAR,CONST CHAR *→PCSTR | 静态8位Windows字符(ANSI)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
PCTSTR | 静态wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→LPCWSTR,LPCWSTR→PCTSTR | 如果UNICODE已定义则为PCWSTR,否则为PCSTR | ||||
PCWCH | 静态wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→PCWCH | WCHAR的静态指针 | ||||
PCWSTR | 静态wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→PCWSTR | 静态16位Windows字符(Unicode)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
PDWORD | unsigned long * |
| unsigned long→DWORD,DWORD near *→PDWORD | DWORD的指针 | ||||
PFLOAT | float * |
| float→FLOAT,FLOAT *→PFLOAT | FLOAT的指针 | ||||
PHANDLE | 指向句柄的指针 |
| void *→HANDLE,HANDLE *→PHANDLE | HANDLE的指针 | ||||
PHKEY | 指向HKEY的指针 |
| HKEY__ *→HKEY *→PHKEY | HKEY的指针 | ||||
PINT | int * |
| int near *→PINT | INT的指针 | ||||
PLCID | unsigned long * |
| unsigned long→DWORD,DWORD near *→PDWORD→PLCID | LCID的指针 | ||||
PLONG | long * |
| long→LONG,LONG *→PLONG | LONG的指针 | ||||
PLUID | LUID结构体指针 |
| LUID *→PLUID | LUID的指针 | ||||
POINTER_32 | void * |
| void *→POINTER_32 | 32位指针(详解略) | ||||
POINTER_64 | void * |
| void *→POINTER_64 | 64位指针(详解略) | ||||
PSHORT | short * |
| short→SHORT,SHORT *→PSHORT | SHORT的指针 | ||||
PSTR | char * |
| char→CHAR,CHAR *→PSTR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
PTBYTE | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTBYTE | TBYTE的指针 | ||||
PTCHAR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTCHAR | TCHAR的指针 | ||||
PTSTR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR→PTSTR | PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise. | ||||
PTBYTE | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTBYTE | TBYTE的指针 | ||||
PTCHAR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTCHAR | TCHAR的指针 | ||||
PTSTR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR→PTSTR | A PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise. | ||||
PUCHAR | unsigned char * |
| unsigned char→UCHAR,UCHAR *→PUCHAR | UCHAR的指针 | ||||
PUINT | unsigned int * |
| unsigned int *→PUINT(呵呵,为什么不用UINT*来定义呢?) | UINT的指针 | ||||
PULONG | unsigned long * |
| unsigned long→ULONG,ULONG *→PULONG | ULONG的指针 | ||||
PUSHORT | unsigned short * |
| unsigned short→USHORT,USHORT *→PUSHORT | USHORT的指针 | ||||
PVOID | void * |
| void *→PVOID | 任何类型的指针 | ||||
PWCHAR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PWCHAR | WCHAR的指针 | ||||
PWORD | unsigned short * |
| unsigned short→WORD,WORD near *→PWORD | WORD的指针 | ||||
PWSTR | wchar_t * |
| wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PWSTR | 16位Windows字符(Unicode)无终结字符串指针 | ||||
REGSAM | unsigned long |
| unsigned long→DWORD→ACCESS_MASK→REGSAM | 注册表值的安全访问掩码 | ||||
SC_HANDLE | SC_HANDLE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | Handle to a service control manager database. | ||||
SC_LOCK | void * |
| void far *→LPVOID→SC_LOCK | Handle to a service control manager database lock. | ||||
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE | SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE__结构体指针 |
| 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定义…… | Handle to a service status value. | ||||
SHORT | short | 2 | short→SHORT | 短整数类型(16位) | ||||
SIZE_T | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG_PTR→SIZE_T | 指针可指向的最大字节数 | ||||
SSIZE_T | long |
| _W64 long→LONG_PTR→SSIZE_T | 有符号SIZE_T. | ||||
TBYTE | wchar_t | 2 | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR→TBYTE | 如果UNICODE已定义则为WCHAR,否则为CHAR | ||||
TCHAR | wchar_t | 2 | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR→TCHAR | 如果UNICODE已定义则为WCHAR,否则为CHAR | ||||
UCHAR | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→UCHAR | 无符号CHAR | ||||
UINT | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→UINT | 无符号INT | ||||
UINT_PTR | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→UINT_PTR | 无符号INT_PTR. | ||||
UINT32 | unsigned int | 2 | unsigned int→UINT32 | 无符号INT32. | ||||
UINT64 | unsigned __int64 | 4 | unsigned __int64→UINT64 | 无符号INT64. | ||||
ULONG | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG | 无符号LONG. | ||||
ULONG_PTR | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG_PTR | 无符号LONG_PTR. | ||||
ULONG32 | unsigned int | 2 | unsigned int→ULONG32 | 无符号LONG32 | ||||
ULONG64 | unsigned __int64 | 4 | unsigned __int64→ULONG64 | 无符号LONG64 | ||||
ULONGLONG | unsigned __int64 | 4 | unsigned __int64→ULONGLONG | 64位无符号整数 | ||||
UNSIGNED | 没查到,大家帮忙吧 |
|
| 无符号属性 | ||||
USHORT | unsigned short |
| unsigned short→USHORT | 无符号SHORT类型 | ||||
VOID | void |
| void→VOID | 任何类型 | ||||
WCHAR | wchar_t | 2 | wchar_t→WCHAR | 16位Unicode字符 | ||||
WINAPI | __stdcall | 调用 | __stdcall→WINAPI | 系统函数(API函数)调用约定 | ||||
WORD | unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short→WORD | 16位无符号整数 | ||||
WPARAM | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→UINT_PTR→WPARAM | 消息的参数 | ||||
注:DECLARE_HANDLE宏的定义如下。
#ifdef STRICT
typedef void *HANDLE;
#define DECLARE_HANDLE(name) struct name##__ { int unused; }; /
typedef struct name##__ *name
#else
typedef PVOID HANDLE;
#define DECLARE_HANDLE(name) typedef HANDLE name
#endif
在列表中,是按前半部分的宏定义而写的,请大家注意。
最后这张表是Visual C++ 7.1编译器支持的数据类型,也就是Windows各种数据类型的“根源”了。
数据类型名称 | 字节数 | 别名 | 取值范围 |
int | * | signed,signed int | 由操作系统决定,即与操作系统的"字长"有关 |
unsigned int | * | unsigned | 由操作系统决定,即与操作系统的"字长"有关 |
__int8 | 1 | char,signed char | –128 到 127 |
__int16 | 2 | short,short int,signed short int | –32,768 到 32,767 |
__int32 | 4 | signed,signed int | –2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647 |
__int64 | 8 | 无 | –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
bool | 1 | 无 | false 或 true |
char | 1 | signed char | –128 到 127 |
unsigned char | 1 | 无 | 0 到 255 |
short | 2 | short int,signed short int | –32,768 到 32,767 |
unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short int | 0 到 65,535 |
long | 4 | long int,signed long int | –2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647 |
long long | 8 | none (but equivalent to __int64) | –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long int | 0 到 4,294,967,295 |
enum | * | 无 | 由操作系统决定,即与操作系统的"字长"有关 |
float | 4 | 无 | 3.4E +/- 38 (7 digits) |
double | 8 | 无 | 1.7E +/- 308 (15 digits) |
long double | 8 | 无 | 1.7E +/- 308 (15 digits) |
wchar_t | 2 | __wchar_t | 0 到 65,535 |
经过十多个小时的“奋战”,终于完成了:)
很开心。不过我知道,其中肯定有不完善甚至是错误的地方,请大家多多批评指正,在此先谢过大家。