索引扫描(二)-索引跳跃扫描

1. 关于索引跳跃扫描
    举个例子说明，表employees上有2列sex,employee_id,在(sex,employee_id)上创建复合索引，这两列上的值分布类似于：
('F',98)
('F',100)
('F',102)
('F',104)
('M',101)
('M',103)
('M',105)
当进行索引范围扫描时，这个索引在逻辑上被分为2个子索引，一个具有键值F,另一个具有键值M。当进行如下查询时：
SELECT *
   FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 101;
数据库不会对整个索引进行完全扫描，而是先对F键值的子索引进行扫描，然后对M键值的子索引扫描。

2。索引跳跃扫描测试

SQL> create index idx_s_id on emp(sex,employee_id);
 
Index created.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'EMP',cascade=>true);
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select count(distinct(sex)),count(distinct(employee_id)) from emp;
 
COUNT(DISTINCT(SEX)) COUNT(DISTINCT(EMPLOYEE_ID))
-------------------- ----------------------------
                   2                          107

 SQL> select table_name,index_name,column_name,column_position   
  2  from user_ind_columns where table_name='EMP';
 
TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME COLUMN_NAME     COLUMN_POSITION
---------- ---------- --------------- ---------------
EMP        IDX_S_ID   SEX                           1
EMP        IDX_S_ID   EMPLOYEE_ID                   2

SQL> set autot on
SQL> select * from emp where employee_id=102;
 
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME                 JOB_ID     S
----------- -------------------- ------------------------- ---------- -
        102 Lex                  De Haan                   AD_VP      F
 
 
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 860049636
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |          |     1 |    26 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP      |     1 |    26 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX SKIP SCAN           | IDX_S_ID |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
 
   2 - access("EMPLOYEE_ID"=102)
       filter("EMPLOYEE_ID"=102)
 
 
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          3  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        663  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        395  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

可见，采用索引跳跃扫描的情况下，这个sql的逻辑读只有3，优化器再一次发挥了威力。
 

 

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