rman中标记备份可用或不可用，实验验证

 

标记备份可用或不可用

如果一个或多个特定的备份因为临时的条件不可用，比如磁盘驱动器临时离线或者磁带存储在异地，那么可以标记这些备份为不可用。
Rman不会使用不可用的备份来还原或恢复数据。
存储在快速恢复区中的备份不能被标记为不可用。

Rman在rman信息库中保留不可用备份的记录，当删除过期备份时不会删除列出为不可用的备份。
如果不可用的备份变得再次可访问，那么可以标记他们为可用。

CROSSCHECK BACKUP;

LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

CHANGE BACKUPSET 4 UNAVAILABLE;

CHANGE BACKUPSET 4 AVAILABLE;

 

删除过期备份

删除过期备份移除rman信息库中列为过期的那些备份集

过期的备份是那些在交叉检验时发现的不可访问的。这个动作只更新rman信息库；不会有尝试从磁盘或磁带上删除包含的文件。

CROSSCHECK BACKUPSET;

删除过期的备份之前交叉检查你的备份提供与RMAN最新的信息，过期的备份是哪些。

DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP;

 

删除废弃的备份

根据rman冗余策略配置不再需要的废弃备份。

如果只使用快速恢复区作为基于磁盘的备份目的地，那么不需要从磁盘删除废弃的备份。快速恢复区根据指定的冗余策略来保留文件，仅当空间需要时删除它们。

DELETE OBSOLETE;

下面做实验验证一下上面的第一段话：

1）列出备份概要信息：

RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

List of Backups

===============

Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time     #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag

------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---

52      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:51:12 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

55      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:52:50 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

56      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:53:48 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

58      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:05 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

59      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:53 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

61      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:55:03 1       1       NO         TAG20131218T155501

2）更改快速恢复区中的备份集为不可用，没有成功：

RMAN> change backupset 61 unAVAILABLE;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of unavailable command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 12/26/2013 09:37:53

ORA-19813: cannot have unavailable file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORACLE11G/autobackup/2013_12_18/o1_mf_s_834508501_9c2o6phs_.bkp in DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

3）还原数据库验证，成功：

RMAN> restore validate database;

Starting restore at 2013-12-26 09:39:34

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1porr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1porr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1oorr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1oorr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35

Finished restore at 2013-12-26 09:41:56

4）标记常规备份集52（包含两个数据文件的备份）为不可用，成功：

RMAN> change backupset 52 unavailable;

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11 RECID=52 STAMP=834508265

Changed 1 objects to UNAVAILABLE status

5）再次列出数据库备份信息概要，此时备份集52标记为不可用：

RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

List of Backups

===============

Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time     #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag

------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---

52      B  F  U DISK        2013-12-18 15:51:12 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

55      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:52:50 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

56      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:53:48 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

58      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:05 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

59      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:53 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

61      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:55:03 1       1       NO         TAG20131218T155501

6）删除过期的备份
RMAN> DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP;

using channel ORA_DISK_1
specification does not match any backup in the repository

7）再次还原验证数据库，失败报错，文件3和4没有找到备份，说明标记为不用的备份集不会在还原和恢复中被用到：

RMAN>  restore validate database;

Starting restore at 2013-12-26 09:44:47

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 12/26/2013 09:44:48

RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 3 found to restore

8）标记备份集52为可用，成功：

RMAN> change backupset 52 available;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

changed backup piece available

backup piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11 RECID=52 STAMP=834508265

Changed 1 objects to AVAILABLE status

9）再次列出数据库备份信息概要，备份集52被标记为可用，成功：

RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;

List of Backups

===============

Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time     #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag

------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---

52      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:51:12 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

55      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:52:50 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

56      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:53:48 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155103

58      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:05 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

59      B  A  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:54:53 1       1       YES        TAG20131218T155404

61      B  F  A DISK        2013-12-18 15:55:03 1       1       NO         TAG20131218T155501

10）最后做数据库还原有效性验证，成功：

RMAN> restore validate database;

Starting restore at 2013-12-26 09:46:01

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1qorr5f9_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1porr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1porr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/compressed/db_1oorr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/compressed/db_1oorr5f8_1_1_ORACLE11 tag=TAG20131218T155103

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

Finished restore at 2013-12-26 09:48:43

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