AAC ADTS头格式分析

 ADTS

ADTS（Audio Data Transports Stream）是AAC的一种十分常见的常见的传输流格式。可以把ADTS这个头看作是AAC的frame header。一般的AAC解码器都需要把AAC的ES流打包成ADTS的格式，一般是在AAC ES流前添加ADTS header。
AAC音频文件的每一帧由ADTS Header和AAC Audio Data组成。结构体如下：

每一帧的ADTS的头文件都包含了音频的采样率，声道，帧长度等信息，这样解码器才能解析读取。
一般情况下ADTS的头信息都是7个字节，分为2部分：
adts_fixed_header();
adts_variable_header();
其一为固定头信息，紧接着是可变头信息。固定头信息中的数据每一帧都相同，而可变头信息则在帧与帧之间可变。

syncword ：同步头 总是0xFFF, all bits must be 1，代表着一个ADTS帧的开始

ID：MPEG标识符，0标识MPEG-4，1标识MPEG-2

Layer：always: '00'

protection_absent：表示是否误码校验。Warning, set to 1 if there is no CRC and 0 if there is CRC

profile：表示使用哪个级别的AAC，如01 Low Complexity(LC)--- AAC LC。有些芯片只支持AAC LC 。

在MPEG-2 AAC中定义了3种：

profile的值等于 Audio Object Type的值减1
profile = MPEG-4 Audio Object Type - 1

 sampling_frequency_index：表示使用的采样率下标，通过这个下标在 Sampling Frequencies[ ]数组中查找得知采样率的值。

channel_configuration: 表示声道数，比如2表示立体声双声道

0: Defined in AOT Specifc Config
1: 1 channel: front-center
2: 2 channels: front-left, front-right
3: 3 channels: front-center, front-left, front-right
4: 4 channels: front-center, front-left, front-right, back-center
5: 5 channels: front-center, front-left, front-right, back-left, back-right
6: 6 channels: front-center, front-left, front-right, back-left, back-right, LFE-channel
7: 8 channels: front-center, front-left, front-right, side-left, side-right, back-left, back-right, LFE-channel
8-15: Reserved
接下来看下adts_variable_header();

frame_length : 一个ADTS帧的长度包括ADTS头和AAC原始流.

frame length, this value must include 7 or 9 bytes of header length:
aac_frame_length = (protection_absent == 1 ? 7 : 9) + size(AACFrame)
protection_absent=0时, header length=9bytes
protection_absent=1时, header length=7bytes

adts_buffer_fullness：0x7FF 说明是码率可变的码流。
number_of_raw_data_blocks_in_frame：表示ADTS帧中有number_of_raw_data_blocks_in_frame + 1个AAC原始帧。
所以说number_of_raw_data_blocks_in_frame == 0 表示说ADTS帧中有一个AAC数据块。

AAC格式解析
 

//获取一帧AAC
int getADTSframe(unsigned char* buffer, int buf_size, unsigned char* data ,int* data_size){
	int size = 0;

	if(!buffer || !data || !data_size ){
		return -1;
	}

	while(1){
		if(buf_size  < 7 ){
			return -1;
		}
		//Sync words
		if((buffer[0] == 0xff) && ((buffer[1] & 0xf0) == 0xf0) ){
			size |= ((buffer[3] & 0x03) << 11);     //帧长度13位中的 high 2 bit，左移11bit

			size |= buffer[4] << 3;              //帧长度13位中的 middle 8 bit,
								      //buffer[4]先变成int(4字节)左移3bit,再与size异或

			size |= ((buffer[5]) >> 5);        //帧长度13位中的low 3bit，取buffer[5]的前3bit
			break;
		}
		--buf_size;
		++buffer;
	}

	if(buf_size < size){
		return 1;
	}

	memcpy(data, buffer, size);
	*data_size = size;

	return 0;
}

int simplest_aac_parser(char *url)
{
	int data_size = 0;
	int size = 0;
	int cnt=0;
	int offset=0;

	//FILE *myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+");
	FILE *myout=stdout;

	unsigned char *aacframe = (unsigned char *)malloc(1024*5);
	unsigned char *aacbuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(1024*1024);

	FILE *ifile = fopen(url, "rb");
	if(!ifile){
		printf("Open file error");
		return -1;
	}

	printf("-----+- ADTS Frame Table -+------+\n");
	printf(" NUM | Profile | Frequency| Size |\n");
	printf("-----+---------+----------+------+\n");

	while(!feof(ifile)){
		data_size = fread(aacbuffer + offset, 1, 1024*1024- offset, ifile);
		unsigned char* input_data = aacbuffer;

		while(1)
		{
			int ret = getADTSframe(input_data, data_size, aacframe, &size);
			if(ret == -1){
				break;
			}else if(ret == 1){
                //将读到的数据保存，回到fread重新读
				memcpy(aacbuffer,input_data, data_size);
				offset = data_size;
				break;
			}

			char profile_str[10] ={0};
			char frequence_str[10]={0};
            
            //aacframe[2]中的前两个bit
			unsigned char profile = aacframe[2]&0xC0;
			profile = profile>>6;
			switch(profile){
				case 0: sprintf(profile_str,"Main");break;
				case 1: sprintf(profile_str,"LC");break;
				case 2: sprintf(profile_str,"SSR");break;
				default:sprintf(profile_str,"unknown");break;
			}

			//sampling_frequency_index:表示使用的采样率下标，通过这个下标在 Sampling         
            //Frequencies[ ]数组中查找得知采样率的值。

			unsigned char sampling_frequency_index = aacframe[2]&0x3C;
			sampling_frequency_index = sampling_frequency_index >> 2;
			switch(sampling_frequency_index){
			case 0: sprintf(frequence_str,"96000Hz");break;
			case 1: sprintf(frequence_str,"88200Hz");break;
			case 2: sprintf(frequence_str,"64000Hz");break;
			case 3: sprintf(frequence_str,"48000Hz");break;
			case 4: sprintf(frequence_str,"44100Hz");break;
			case 5: sprintf(frequence_str,"32000Hz");break;
			case 6: sprintf(frequence_str,"24000Hz");break;
			case 7: sprintf(frequence_str,"22050Hz");break;
			case 8: sprintf(frequence_str,"16000Hz");break;
			case 9: sprintf(frequence_str,"12000Hz");break;
			case 10: sprintf(frequence_str,"11025Hz");break;
			case 11: sprintf(frequence_str,"8000Hz");break;
			default:sprintf(frequence_str,"unknown");break;
			}


			fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8s|  %8s| %5d|\n",cnt,profile_str ,frequence_str,size);
			data_size -= size;
			input_data += size;
			cnt++;

			if (cnt == 50)break;
		}   

	}
	fclose(ifile);
	free(aacbuffer);
	free(aacframe);

	return 0;
}

 

转载：https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/50535042 
           https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangxuan/p/8809245.html
           https://blog.csdn.net/liukun321/article/details/25337425