AAC/ADTS格式

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-23 11:19:05 发布

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分类专栏：音视频文章标签：音视频

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41909397/article/details/125280444

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AAC

常见flv文件封装的音频用的都是aac编码，aac文件有两种格式，一个是ADIF(Audio Data Interchange Format, 音频数据交换格式 )，一个是ADTS（Audio Data Transport Stream, 音频数据传输流）。其中ADIF多用于磁盘存储，仅在文件首部保存解码信息，而ADTS格式用于流式传输，因此每一帧都包含头信息，可以从任一帧开始解码，故用于流式传输。

ADTS

ADTS AAC文件格式如下：

ADTS_header	AAC ES	ADTS_header	AAC ES	·······

ADTS header

Field	Type	Commet
Syncword	12 bits	The bit string ‘1111 1111 1111’.
ID	1 bit	MPEG identifier, 0 for MPEG-4, 1 for MPEG-2
layer	2 bits	Indicates which layer is used. Set to ‘00’.
protection_absent	1 bit	Set to 1 if there is no CRC and 0 if there is CRC
profile_ObjectType	2 bits	audio_object_type - 1
sampling_frequency_index	4 bits	Integer value of the sampling frequency used.
private_bit	1 bit	Set to 0 when encoding, ignore when decoding
channel_configuration	3 bits	Indicates the channel configuration used.
original	1 bit	set to 0 when encoding , ignore when decoding
home	1 bit	set to 0 when encoding , ignore when decoding
copyright id bit	1 bit	set to 0 when encoding , ignore when decoding
copyright id start	1 bit	set to 0 when encoding , ignore when decoding
frame length	13 bits	this value is 7 or 9 bytes of ADTS + size(AAVFrame)
buffer_fullness	11 bits	State of the bit reservoir after encoding the first raw data
number of AAC frames	2 bits	always use 1 AAC frame per ADTS frame
CRC	16 bits	if protection_absent is 0

在flv文件中，上述Audio Object Type，Channel Configrartion等信息存储在AudioSpecificConfig结构中，该AudioSpecificConfig结构通常存储在第一个Audio Tag数据中。如下：

5 bits: audio object type
4 bits: sampling frequency index
if (frequency index == 15)
    24 bits: frequency index
4 bits: channel configuration
other bits: audio object type specific config

利用AudioSpecificConfig信息获取audio_object_type、sampling_frequency_index、channel_config

uint8_t audio_object_type = 0;
uint8_t sampling_frequency_index = 0;
uint8_t channel_config = 0;
 
//audio object type:5bit
audio_object_type = szAudioSpecificConfig[0] & 0xf8;
audio_object_type >>= 3;
 
//sampling frequency index:4bit
//高3bits
sampling_frequency_index = szAudioSpecificConfig[0] & 0x07;
sampling_frequency_index <<= 1;
//低1bit
uint8_t tmp = szAudioSpecificConfig[1] & 0x80;
tmp >>= 7;
sampling_frequency_index |= tmp;
 
//channel config:4bits
channel_config = szAudioSpecificConfig[1] & 0x78;
channel_config >>= 3;

计算ADTS header

char Adtsheader[7] = {0};

AdtsHeader[0] = 0xff;         //syncword:0xfff                          高8bits
AdtsHeader[1] = 0xf0;         //syncword:0xfff                          低4bits
AdtsHeader[1] |= (0 << 3);    //MPEG Version:0 for MPEG-4,1 for MPEG-2  1bit
AdtsHeader[1] |= (0 << 1);    //Layer:0                                 2bits 
AdtsHeader[1] |= 1;           //protection absent:1                     1bit

//profile:audio_object_type - 1                      2bits
AdtsHeader[2] = (audio_object_type - 1)<<6;        
//sampling frequency index:sampling_frequency_index  4bits 
AdtsHeader[2] |= (sampling_frequency_index & 0x0f)<<2; 
//private bit:0                                      1bit
AdtsHeader[2] |= (0 << 1);         
//channel configuration:channel_config               高1bit
AdtsHeader[2] |= (channel_config & 0x04)>>2;           
//channel configuration:channel_config      		 低2bits
AdtsHeader[3] = (channel_config & 0x03)<<6;     
//original：0                              			 1bit
AdtsHeader[3] |= (0 << 5);               
//home：0                                			 1bit
AdtsHeader[3] |= (0 << 4);                
//copyright id bit：0                                1bit  
AdtsHeader[3] |= (0 << 3);               
//copyright id start：0                              1bit	
AdtsHeader[3] |= (0 << 2);                      

// 处理frame length，tagheader_datasize为flv tag size有效字段
int AdtsLen = tagheader_datasize - 2 + 7;
AdtsHeader[3] |= ((AdtsLen & 0x1800) >> 11);           //frame length:value     高2bits
AdtsHeader[4] = (uint8_t)((AdtsLen & 0x7f8) >> 3);     //frame length:value     中间8bits 
AdtsHeader[5] = (uint8_t)((AdtsLen & 0x7) << 5);       //frame length:value     低3bits
AdtsHeader[5] |= 0x1f;                                 //buffer fullness:0x7ff  高5bits 
AdtsHeader[6] = 0xfc;