ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

错误现象：
在做数据库从单机到RAC恢复的过程中，1节点正常启动，2节点无法open，提示如下错误：

1. SQL> alter database open;
   
2. alter database open
   
3. *
   
4. ERROR at line 1:
   
5. ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

查看错误代码说明：

1. [oracle@otdb1 ~]$ oerr ora 1092
2. 01092, 00000, "ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced"
3. // *Cause: The instance this process was connected to was terminated
4. // abnormally, probably via a shutdown abort. This process
5. // was forced to disconnect from the instance.
6. // *Action: Examine the alert log for more details. When the instance has been
7. // restarted, retry action.

查看alert日志：

1. Mon Aug 10 10:40:11 HKT 2015
2. Errors in file /oracle/admin/otdb/udump/otdb2_ora_22331.trc:
3. ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS2' does not exist or of wrong type
4. Mon Aug 10 10:40:11 HKT 2015
5. Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down database
6. USER: terminating instance due to error 30012
7. Instance terminated by USER, pid = 22331
8. ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open...

从错误代码看到没有找到UNDOTBS2这个undo表空间。
在spfile里面配置了otdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' ，缺少这个表空间无法正常启动。
在正常启动的1节点查看表空间：

1. Status Name Type
2. --------- ------------------------------ ---------
3. ONLINE OUTER PERMANENT
4. ONLINE UNDOTBS1 UNDO
5. ONLINE SYSAUX PERMANENT
6. ONLINE GDYJDATA PERMANENT
7. ONLINE QYWSBSPT_SP PERMANENT
8. ONLINE ECGAP PERMANENT
9. ONLINE GDYJZS_JGZB_WW PERMANENT
10. ONLINE EXAM PERMANENT
11. ONLINE ECGAPOUT PERMANENT
12. ONLINE USERS PERMANENT
13. ONLINE SYSTEM PERMANENT
14. ONLINE TBS_GDYJ_TY_WW PERMANENT
15. ONLINE YJJ_SP PERMANENT
16. ONLINE TBS_GDYJ_TY_OLD_WW PERMANENT
17. ONLINE TEMP TEMPORARY

发现确实是没有UNDOTBS2这个undo表空间。

解决办法：
在1节点添加 UND OTBS2这个undo表空间。

1. SQL> create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '+DATADG' size 100m reuse autoextend on next 100m maxsize 31g;
   
2. 
   
3. Tablespace created.

再次打开数据库：

1. SQL> alter database open;
   
2. 
   
3. Database altered.
   
4. 
   
5. SQL>
   
6. SQL>
   
7. SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
   
8. 
   
9. OPEN_MODE
   
10. ----------
    
11. READ WRITE

数据库正常打开。
在恢复的过程中疏忽了2节点的UNDO表空间问题，可以提前做避免此错误。

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