ABAP Screen Elements

Screen Elements
A screen can contain a wide variety of elements, either for displaying field contents, or for allowing the user to interact with the program (for example, filling out input fields or choosing
pushbutton functions). You use the Screen Painter to arrange elements on the screen.
You can use the following elements:

Text fields
Display elements, which cannot be changed either by the user or by the ABAP program.

Input/output fields
Used to display data from the ABAP program or for entering data on the screen. Linked to screen fields.

Dropdown list boxes
Special input/output fields that allow users to choose one entry from a fixed list of possible entries.

Checkboxes
Special input/output fields which the user can select (value ‘X’) or deselect (value SPACE).

Radio buttons
Special input/output fields that are combined into groups. Within a radio button group,only a single button can be selected at any one time. When the user selects one button,
all of the others are automatically deselected.

Pushbuttons
Elements on the screen that trigger the PAI event of the screen flow logic when chosen by the user. There is a function code attached to each pushbutton, which is passed to
the ABAP program when it is chosen.

Box
Display element, used for visual grouping of related elements on the screen, such as radio button groups.

Subscreens
Area on the screen in which you can place another screen.

Table controls
Tabular input/output fields.

Tabstrip controls
Areas on the screen in which you can switch between various pages.

Custom control
Container on the screen in which you can display another control.

Status icons
Display elements, indicating the status of the application program.

OK_CODE field
Every screen has a twenty-character OK_CODE field (also known as the function code field), which is not displayed on the screen. User actions that trigger the PAI event also
place the corresponding function code into this field, from where it is passed to the ABAP program. You can also use the command field in the standard toolbar to enter the
function code. You must assign a name to the OK_CODE field to be able to use it for a particular screen.

All screen elements have a set of attributes, some of which are set automatically, others of which have to be specified in the Screen Painter. They determine things such as the layout of the
screen elements on the screen. You can set the attributes of screen elements in the Screen Painter - either for a single element, or using the element list, which lists all of the elements
belonging to the current screen. Some of the attributes that you set statically in the Screen Painter can be overwritten dynamically in the ABAP program. For a detailed list of all screen
element attributes, refer to Working with Element Attributes [Ext.] in the Screen Painter documentation.

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