在网络时代,XML文件起到了一个保存和传输数据的作用。Soap协议通过Xml交流信息,数据库通过Xml文件存取等等。那么怎样快速的从一个XML文件中取得所需的信息呢?我们知道,JAVA的JAXP中和Microsoft.Net都有Xml分析器,Microsoft.Net是边读边分析,而JAXP是读到内存中然后才进行分析(还有一种是事件机制去读),总而言之,是不利于快速读取。基于此,Microsoft.Net 和JAXP都提供了XPATH机制,来快速定位到XML文件中所需的节点。
例如有一个XML文件:booksort.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?><!-- a fragment of a book store inventory database -->Pride And PrejudiceJaneAusten24.95The Handmaid's TaleMargaretAtwood29.95EmmaJaneAusten19.95Sense and SensibilityJaneAusten19.95
如果我们想快速查找”last-name”等于”Austen”的所有标题名,可以通过以下方法可以得到:
XmlReaderSample.cs//Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathDocument Class//Author :Anyusing System;using System.IO;using System.Xml;using System.Xml.XPath;public class XmlReaderSample{public static void Main(){XmlTextReader myxtreader = new XmlTextReader("booksort.xml");XmlReader myxreader = myxtreader;XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(myxreader);XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();XPathExpression expr;expr = nav.Compile("descendant::book[author/last-name='Austen']");//expr.AddSort("title", XmlSortOrder.Ascending, XmlCaseOrder.None, "", XmlDataType.Text);XPathNodeIterator iterator = nav.Select(expr);while (iterator.MoveNext()){XPathNavigator nav2 = iterator.Current;nav2.MoveToFirstChild();Console.WriteLine("Book title: {0}", nav2.Value);}}}
运行这个程序,结果为:
Book title: Pride And Prejudice
Book title: Emma
Book title: Sense and Sensibility
可以看到查找正确。
利用XPATH中的一些功能,也可以实现简单的排序和简单运算。如在数据库中经常要对数据进行汇总,就可用XPATH实现。
如:
order.xml
<!--Represents a customer order-->The Handmaid's Tale19.95Americana16.95
和:books.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?><!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database -->The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinBenjaminFranklin8.99The Confidence ManHermanMelville11.99The GorgiasPlato9.99
我们可以对该XML文件中的price求和,以得到价格总数。
Evaluate.cs//Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathNavigator Class//Author :Anyusing System;using System.IO;using System.Xml;using System.Xml.XPath;public class EvaluateSample{public static void Main(){EvaluateSample myEvaluateSample = new EvaluateSample();myEvaluateSample.test("books.xml");}public void test(String args){try{//test Evaluate(String);XPathDocument myXPathDocument = new XPathDocument(args);XPathNavigator myXPathNavigator = myXPathDocument.CreateNavigator();Console.WriteLine(myXPathNavigator.Evaluate("sum(descendant::book/price)"));//testEvaluate(XPathExpression);XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();doc.Load("order.xml");XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr));//testEvaluate(XPathExpression);XPathNodeIterator myXPathNodeIterator = nav.Select("descendant::book/title");expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr,myXPathNodeIterator));}catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine ("Exception: {0}", e.ToString());}}}
运行这个程序,结果如下:
30.97
36.9
36.9
我们可以看到,30.97是books.xml中所有price值的总和,而36.9则是order.xml中所有price值的总和。通过XPAH不仅可以快速查找信息,而且还可以对信息进行一些基本的处理。
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/10752019/viewspace-950309/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/10752019/viewspace-950309/