redhat4安装oracle10注意事项

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-12 09:31:47 发布

cizhilv6625

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-12 09:31:47 发布

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1.         硬件要求
   1.swap 分区不低于2G
   2.selinux 状态disable
        3.物理内存不低于512M
2.         系统要求
     redhat Enterprise 5 默认安装
3.         数据库要求

3.1.软件下载

      根据实际环环境从oracle官方网站下载相应的数据库
   http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html
       3.2.解包
      unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip
      解包完成后后将database目录拷贝到/opt目录下，以便oracle用户安装使用
4.redhat配置
4.1         安装缺失的包
用 root 用户身份运行以下命令：
      rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel

如果采用默认安装，该命令执行后通常会提示openmotif，compat-db，compat-gcc，compat-gcc-c++,compat-libstdc++,compat-libstdc++-devel 没有安装。如下所示

gcc-4.1.1-52.el5

make-3.81-1.1

binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5

package openmotif is not installed

setarch-2.0-1.1

package compat-db is not installed

package compat-gcc is not installed

package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed

对缺失的包需要通过光盘或其他介质安装，笔者采用光盘安装

4.1.1 在/mnt 下创建cdrom

4.1.2 将光盘放入光驱

4.1.3 执行命令 mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

命令执行后/mnt/cdrom下将产生光盘下面的文件

4.1.4 进入光盘Server目录下 cd /mnt/cdrom/Server

         由于缺失的包之间有严格的依赖关系，所以必须按照如下顺序安装缺失的包
        rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*
        rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
        rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
        rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.5-12.i386.rpm
        rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm
        rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*
        rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
        rpm -Uvh libXp-1*
        rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
        rpm -Uvh gcc-4*
        rpm -Uvh glibc-2.5-12.i686.rpm
        rpm -Uvh libgomp-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
        rpm -Uvh gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm

安装完成后仍然提示部分包没有安装，不过不影响使用

package compat-gcc is not installed

package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed

package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed

4.2 vi /etc/sysctl.conf file

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=262144

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=262144

运行下面命令使设置生效/sbin/sysctl -p

4.3 vi /etc/security/limits.conf vf

* soft nproc 2047

* hard nproc 16384

* soft nofile 1024

* hard nofile 65536

4.4 vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

4.5 vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:

# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.

# strict - Full SELinux protection.

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted

SELINUXTYPE=disabled

4.6 添加oracle用户和组

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

useradd –m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

4.7 创建安装目录并赋予oracle相应权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

4.8 添加访问控制列表

xhost + machine-name

4.9 设置主机名和IP

vi /etc/hosts

删除文件内容，添加如下两行

127.0.0.1 localhost

IP地址主机名称

如果不添加第一行，安装以后数据库可以打开，通过http://ip:1158/em访问控制台发现数据库和监听器均无法启动（箭头指向下）以管理员帐号进入em，页面提示Network Adapter error，如果通过命令lsnrctl start提示如下错误

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-OCT-2007 15:35:07

Starting .......

................
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=olivenan)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=olivenan)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00517: Lost contact
Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused

4.10 修改redhat版本

vi /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga) 替换成 redhat-4

4.11 修改oracle的环境变量

su - oracle

vi ~/.bash_profile

# Oracle Settings

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export CLASSPATH

#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1; export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

export LANG=en_US.utf8

export LANGUAGE=en_US.utf8

export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_China.UTF8"

export LC_ALL=en_US.utf8

4.13 安装

以oracle用户登录系统，打开终端将当前位置定位到database中

Unset LANG

./runInstaller.sh

如果之前的包按照要求安装完成，安装过程应该很顺利，如果安装进度在63%左右出现错误，如提示遇到问题需要重试，忽略等等，一般就是系统要求的包没有安装完全。

安装完成后重启机子，登录oracle 打开终端

sqlplus ‘/as sysdba'

启动数据库

startup

启动控制台

emctl start dbconsole

启动监听器

lsnrctl start

http://ip:1158/em

4.14 后修改vi /etc/redhat-release 内容为Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)

4.15 设置开机启动

vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

安装完后一般常见问题：

1修改/etc/hosts 文件将127.0.0.1改为你的ip 否则网络检查通不过

2 依次安装下面的包 libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm openmotif22-2.2.3-18.i386.rpm compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm libaio-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm

3 因为中文有乱码所以设置用英文安装 export LC_ALL=en_US

4 在安装过程中选择高级安装，并将数据库语言选中文字符集选GBK的

可以不用安装的包
package compat-gcc is not installed
package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed
必须安装的包
gcc-3.4.6-9
make-3.80-6.EL4
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-24
openmotif-2.2.3-10.1.el4
setarch-1.6-1
compat-db-4.1.25-9
5,关闭之后数据库启动不起来因为安装之后启动的方式是spfile
关闭之后启动时利用的init.ora参数文件
解决方法：从ORACLE_HOME/admin/数据库实例名/init.ora2009xxxx 类似的这个文件重命名然后放到 ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下