Rac环境下正确配置LISTENER和TNS

Rac环境下正确配置LISTENER和TNS

 

RAC环境下配置LISTENER，TNS必须考虑负载均衡，故障切换等因素。这里用一个四节点的RAC环境为例:

node1:rac1

node2:rac2

node3:rac3

node4:rac4

1、服务器端的配置 

listener.ora的配置：

配置每个实例本地的监听器:

node1:

LISTENER_RAC1 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS_LIST =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-priv)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc))

      )

    )

  )

node2:

LISTENER_RAC2 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS_LIST =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-priv)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc))

      )

    )

  )

node3:

LISTENER_RAC3 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS_LIST =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node3-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node3-priv)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc))

      )

    )

  )

node4:

LISTENER_RAC4 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS_LIST =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node4-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node4-priv)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = extproc))

      )

    )

  )

tnsnames.ora的配置:

在每个实例的tnsnames.ora文件中加入以下信息:

LISTENER_RAC =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node3-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node4-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

  )

LISTENER_RAC1 =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

  )

LISTENER_RAC2 =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

  )

LISTENER_RAC3 =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node3-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

  )

LISTENER_RAC4 =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node4-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

  )

     

设置LOCAL_LISTENER和REMOTE_LISTENER参数

前面我们讲过,设置LOCAL_LISTENER参数是由于LISTENER使用了非TCP协议或非1521端口的情况下,那么在RAC环境下不管是使用了默认的TCP和1521还是其他协议都建议配置LOCAL_LISTENER.REMOTE_LISTENER参数在RAC环境下非常重要,是服务器使用load_balance的一个工具,在服务器端的连接中,Oracle NET通过remote_listener确定当前RAC中的远程监听和实例,以便分发连接.

执行下面的语句设置LOCAL_LISTENER和REMOTE_LISTENER参数:

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC1' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC1';

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC2' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC2';

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC3' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC3';

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC4' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC4';

...................

ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC1';

ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC2';

ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC3';

ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LISTENER='LISTENER_RAC' SCOPE=BOTH SID='RAC4';

2、客户端ＴＮＳ的配置

RAC环境下Client端TNS的配置和非RAC环境下，多IP的配置情况一样，都要配置load_balance 和TAF:

rac =

(DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = IP1)(PORT = 1521))

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = IP2)(PORT = 1521))

    (LOAD_BALANCE = YES)

    (CONNECT_DATA =

        (SERVER = DEDICATED)

        (SERVICE_NAME = ?)   //注意：这里指的不是数据库SID

    )

)

 

或

rac =

(DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (LOAD_BALANCE=ON)

     (FAILOVER=ON)

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node3-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node4-vip)(PORT = 1421)(IP = FIRST))

   )

   (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = RAC)

      (FAILOVER_MODE =

        (TYPE = SELECT)

        (METHOD = BASIC)

      )

   )

)

连接测试

 开启多个连接测试, 并查询gv$session视图看看是否连接达到负载均衡.

3、客户端HOSTS配置

Hosts文件添加

4、连接串解释

ADDRESS后面就是连接的IP和端口号；LOAD_BALANCE=YES表示是否负载均衡；SERVER = DEDICATIED表示专用服务器模式，感觉可以去掉；SERVICE_NAME=ORCL要操作数据库的服务名；TYPE = SELECT表示当一个连接好的会话的实例发生故障，系统会自动将会话切换到其他可用的实例，前台应用无须再度发起连接，但会话在执行的SQL 需要重新执行；METHOD = BASIC表示初始连接就连接一个接点，他还有个选项是PRECONNECT，表示初始连接所有的接点；RETRIES重试次数；DELAY重试时延迟(以秒为单位)。

 

5、oci与thin的区别

jdbc:oracle:thin:@server ip:端口:service

jdbc:oracle:oci:@service

这下基本明白了

1）从使用上来说，oci必须在客户机上安装oracle客户端或才能连接，而thin就不需要，因此从使用上来讲thin还是更加方便，这也是thin比较常见的原因。

2）原理上来看，thin是纯java实现tcp/ip的c/s通讯；而oci方式,客户端通过native java method调用c library访问服务端，而这个c library就是oci(oracle called interface)，因此这个oci总是需要随着oracle客户端安装（从oracle10.1.0开始，单独提供OCI Instant Client，不用再完整的安装client）

3）它们分别是不同的驱动类别，oci是二类驱动， thin是四类驱动，但它们在功能上并无差异。

4）虽然很多人说oci的速度快于thin，但找了半天没有找到相关的测试报告。

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