ORACLE RAC 下非缺省端口监听配置 listener ora tnsnames ora

               

        不论是单实例还是RAC，对于非缺省端口下(1521)的监听器，pmon进程不会将service/instance注册到监听器，即不会实现动态注册。与单实例相同，RAC非缺省端口的监听器也是通过设置参数local_listener来达到目的。除此之外，还可以对实例进行远程注册，以达到负载均衡的目的。这是通过一个参数remote_listener来实现。

 

有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请参考：
      配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库
   配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
   配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle
   Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
   设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)

   配置RAC负载均衡与故障转移 

   Oracle RAC 监听配置

 

一、创建非缺省的监听器
 使用netca新建一个非缺省的listener，当然也可以直接修改各节点上的listener.ora
     oracle@bo2dbp:~> export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
     oracle@bo2dbp:~> netca
     --选择cluster configuration
     --选择所有的节点
     --选择listener configuration
     --选择add
     --设定一个新的监听器的名字,假定为LISTENER_NEW
     --选择tcp
     --设定非缺省的端口号，此处设定为1314
     --选择no,点击next等待完成
     --如之前已经存在缺省的监听器，此时出现提示选择启动那个监听，选择刚建的LISTENER_NEW
     --next,提示完成, finish

 

二、缺省监听器与非缺省监听器对照

oracle@bo2dbp:~> ps -ef | grep lsnroracle   21097     1  0 17:40 ?        00:00:00 /u01/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_BO2DBP -inheritoracle   26228     1  0 17:58 ?        00:00:00 /u01/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP -inheritoracle   28842 19468  0 17:58 pts/1    00:00:00 grep lsnr此时可以看到有两个监听器，一个是原来缺省的，一个是新增加的，注意监听器的命名，RAC环境下是监听器的名字加上hostname下面的listener.ora的内容已经包含了两个监听器，一个是缺省的，一个是非缺省的。相应地,listener.ora中也多出了刚刚创建的非缺省监听器oracle@bo2dbp:~> more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora# listener.ora.bo2dbp Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/db/network/admin/listener.ora.bo2dbp# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)(IP = FIRST))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.51)(PORT = 1314)(IP = FIRST))    )  )LISTENER_BO2DBP =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.51)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))    )  )SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db)      (PROGRAM = extproc)    )  )SID_LIST_LISTENER_BO2DBP =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db)      (PROGRAM = extproc)    )  )#查看监听器的状态oracle@bo2dbp:~> ./crs_stat.sh Resource name                                Target     State             --------------                                ------     -----             ora.GOBO4.GOBO4A.inst                         ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.GOBO4.GOBO4B.inst                         ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.GOBO4.db                                  ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.ASM1.asm                           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_BO2DBP.lsnr               ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP.lsnr           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.gsd                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.ons                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.vip                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbs.ASM2.asm                           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_BO2DBS.lsnr               ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBS.lsnr           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.gsd                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.ons                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.vip                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.ora10g.db                                 ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.ora10g.ora10g1.inst                       ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.ora10g.ora10g2.inst                       ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  #比较缺省监听器与非缺省监听器的状态oracle@bo2dbp:~> lsnrctlLSNRCTL> set current_listener LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBPLSNRCTL> status              #端口号为非缺省的情形下仅存在Service "PLSExtProc",这是因为没有动态注册的原因Services Summary...Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> set current_listener LISTENER_BO2DBPCurrent Listener is LISTENER_BO2DBPLSNRCTL> status.........Listening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary............Service "ora10g" has 2 instance(s).  Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...  Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service............The command completed successfullyoracle@bo2dbp:~> lsnrctl status  #查看缺省监听器的状态(即断口号为1521).......  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary..........Service "ora10g" has 2 instance(s).  Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...  Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service..........The command completed successfully#查看此时local_listener与remote_listener参数#Author: Robinson Cheng #Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612SQL> show parameter instance_nameNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------instance_name                        string      ora10g1SQL> show parameter listenerNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------local_listener                       stringremote_listener                      string      LISTENERS_ORA10G结论，与单实例相同，如果未设定非缺省的listener，则使用listener 与LISTENER_BO2DBP查看到相同的结果也就是说lsnrctl status [listener_nam]查看的本身就是缺省端口监听器的信息对于非缺省端口的监听器，未设置local_listener时不会有数据库实例注册#关闭缺省的监听器SQL> ho srvctl stop listener -n bo2dbp -l LISTENER_BO2DBPSQL> ho srvctl stop listener -n bo2dbs -l LISTENER_BO2DBSSQL> ho ./crs_stat.sh Resource name                                Target     State             --------------                                ------     -----             ora.GOBO4.GOBO4A.inst                         OFFLINE    OFFLINE           ora.GOBO4.GOBO4B.inst                         OFFLINE    OFFLINE           ora.GOBO4.db                                  OFFLINE    OFFLINE           ora.bo2dbp.ASM1.asm                           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_BO2DBP.lsnr               OFFLINE    OFFLINE           ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP.lsnr           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.gsd                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.ons                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbp.vip                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.bo2dbs.ASM2.asm                           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_BO2DBS.lsnr               OFFLINE    OFFLINE           ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBS.lsnr           ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.gsd                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.ons                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.bo2dbs.vip                                ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  ora.ora10g.db                                 ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.ora10g.ora10g1.inst                       ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbp  ora.ora10g.ora10g2.inst                       ONLINE     ONLINE on bo2dbs  

三、配置非缺省监听器的动态注册

oracle@bo2dbp:/u01/oracle/db/network/admin> echo "> LISTENERS_ORA10G1 = >   (ADDRESS_LIST =>     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))> )">>tnsnames.ora   #使用echo添加新的连接标识符到tnsnames.oraoracle@bo2dbp:/u01/oracle/db/network/admin> tail -5 tnsnames.oraLISTENERS_ORA10G1 =   (ADDRESS_LIST =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)))SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENERS_ORA10G1 scope=both sid='ora10g1';System altered.SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBPLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 09-OCT-2012 11:56:15Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Listening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1314)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1314)))Services Summary...Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...........#此时已经看到ora10g1已经注册到非缺省的1314监听器LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP中#修改tnsnames.ora中ora10g中的端口号为1314#下面测试一下修改后的情形,可以看出1314端口已经被使用oracle@bo2dbp:~> tnsping ora10gUsed TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ora10g)))OK (10 msec)oracle@bo2dbp:~> sqlplus scott/tiger@ora10gSQL> show parameter instance_nameNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------instance_name                        string      ora10g1使用与上述相同的方法设置第二个节点上的local_listener.即先修改tnsnames.ora,再设置local_listener.注意尽可能使得连接符名字不同用于区分,如设置为LISTENERS_ORA10G2,注意主机名以及端口号SQL> show parameter instance_nameNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------instance_name                        string      ora10g2SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENERS_ORA10G2 scope=both sid='ora10g2';System altered.SQL> alter system register;System altered.SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBSListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.62)(PORT=1314)))  #可以看到此时端口号为1314  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.52)(PORT=1314)))Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  #instance ora10g2已注册..............

四、设置非缺省监听器的远程注册
        监听器的远程注册主要用于实现负载均衡。通常情况下，客户端发出的连接请求会首先被local_listener接受，然后由master instance来决定当前的连接请求应该由哪个目标instance发出server process响应这个连接请求。在启用了负载均衡的情形下，master instance会将请求转发到负载较小的实例，如果此时remote_listener中指定的实例负载较小，则当前的请求被重定向到负载较小的实例中来建立连接，派生服务器进程进行相应连接。

SQL> show parameter listenerNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------local_listener                       string      LISTENERS_ORA10G1remote_listener                      string      LISTENERS_ORA10G上面remote_listener的值LISTENERS_ORA10G是在创建数据库的时候创建的，而此时我们使用了非缺省端口的监听器，因此有两种方法来处理，一是将tnsnamas.ora中对应的LISTENERS_ORA10G连接字符中的端口号更改为1314,其次是添加一个新的连接串,下面采用第二种方法.-->首先清空原来的remote_listenerSQL> alter system reset remote_listener scope=both sid='*';    System altered.SQL> show parameter listenerNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------local_listener                       string      LISTENERS_ORA10G1remote_listener                      string-->添加字符串到tnsnames.oraoracle@bo2dbp:~> echo "> remote_lsnr_ora10g =>   (ADDRESS_LIST =>     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))>     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))>   )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.oraoracle@bo2dbp:~> tail -6 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.oraremote_lsnr_ora10g =  (ADDRESS_LIST =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))  )采用类似的方法将上面的内容添加到节点2上的tnsnames.ora中SQL> alter system set remote_listener='remote_lsnr_ora10g' scope=both sid='*';System altered.SQL> show parameter listenerNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------local_listener                       string      LISTENERS_ORA10G1remote_listener                      string      remote_lsnr_ora10gSQL> alter system register;System altered.SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBPService "ora10g" has 2 instance(s).   #服务ora10g有2个instance可以提供服务  Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...  Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service....................

六、RAC 上配置监听器的步骤总结
1、为每个监听器在listener.ora中生成相应的条目，host的内容尽可能使用vip地址(建议直接指定ip，以避免dns解析错误)
2、为每个节点配置相应的tns条目，同样使用vip
      LISTENERS_CLUSTERNAME =      #全局配置，对应remote_listener，即如果有2个节点列出两个vip，3个节点应列出3个vip
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
        )
   
        LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1 =      #本地配置，仅列出当前实例的节点ip
        (ADDRESS_LIST =            #节点2上可以设置为LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1，相应地vip为节点2的vip
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
        )                          #也可以在一个节点上配置所有的local_listener连接标识符,然后将tnsnames.ora复制到所有节点
   
3、设置全局remote_listener参数
　　　alter system set remote_listener='LISTENERS_CLUSTERNAME' scope=both sid='*';

4、设置本地local_listener参数(各个节点单独设置)  
            alter system set remote_listener='LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1' scope=both sid='node1';
       或者直接将ip，port值设置到local_listener，如果这样第3步中的LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1可以不用配置，如下：  
            alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))' sid='node1';

5、在每一节点使用alter system register实现立即注册。此步骤可以省略。因为我们设置了local_listener与remote_listener之后等待片刻就可以实现动态注册。alter system register仅仅用于加快注册。

6、使用lsnrctl stauts LISTENER_<hostname> 查看监听器的状态

 

七、更多参考

 

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考

    Oracle 冷备份

    Oracle 热备份

    Oracle 备份恢复概念

    Oracle 实例恢复

    Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)

    SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复

    SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复

   Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)

 

有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考

    RMAN 概述及其体系结构

    RMAN 配置、监控与管理

    RMAN 备份详解

    RMAN 还原与恢复

    RMAN catalog 的创建和使用

    基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本

    基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复

    RMAN 备份路径困惑

 

有关ORACLE体系结构请参考

    Oracle 表空间与数据文件

    Oracle 密码文件

    Oracle 参数文件

    Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)

    Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

    Oracle 归档日志

    Oracle 回滚(ROLLBACK)和撤销(UNDO)

    Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程

    Oracle 10g SGA 的自动化管理

    Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)    

           

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