行为型设计模式---模板方法模式和状态模式

一、模板方法模式

       模板方法模式定义了一个操作中的算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。模板方法使得子类可以不改变一个算法的结构即可重定义该算法的某些特定步骤，其中各子类中公共的行为被提取出来并集中到一个公共父类中。符合开闭原则。

       定义的游戏骨架抽象类:

	public abstract class Game {
	    protected final void initialize() {
	        if(isNeedChangeShoes()) {
	            System.out.println("先换鞋...");
	        }
	    }
	
		//钩子方法
	    protected boolean isNeedChangeShoes() {
	        return false;
	    }
	
	    abstract void startPlay();
	
	    abstract void endPlay();
	
	    //模板
	    protected final void play() {
	        //初始化游戏
	        initialize();
	
	        //开始游戏
	        startPlay();
	
	        //结束游戏
	        endPlay();
	    }
	}

       足球的实现类：

	public class Football extends Game {
	    @Override
	    protected boolean isNeedChangeShoes() {
	        return true;
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    void startPlay() {
	        System.out.println("Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    void endPlay() {
	        System.out.println("Football Game Finished!");
	    }
	}

       乒乓的实现类：

	public class PingPong extends Game {
	    @Override
	    void startPlay() {
	        System.out.println("Basketball Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    void endPlay() {
	        System.out.println("Basketball Game Finished!");
	    }
	}

       测试类：

	public class GameTest {
	    public static void main(String[] args) {
	        Game football = new Football();
	        football.play();
	        Game basketball = new PingPong();
	        basketball.play();
	    }
	}

       测试结果：

二、状态模式

       状态模式允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时，改变它的行为，并且一个对象存在多个状态，且状态可相互转换。每次需要增加状态的时候新增一个类即可，符合开闭原则。

       上下文的类：

	public class CourseVideoContext {
	    private CourseVideoState courseVideoState;
	    public final static PlayState PLAY_STATE = new PlayState();
	    public final static PauseState PAUSE_STATE = new PauseState();
	    public final static StopState STOP_STATE = new StopState();
	    public final static SpeedState SPEED_STATE = new SpeedState();
	
	    public CourseVideoState getCourseVideoState() {
	        return courseVideoState;
	    }
	
	    public void setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoState courseVideoState) {
	        this.courseVideoState = courseVideoState;
	        this.courseVideoState.setCourseVideoContext(this);
	    }
	
	    public void play() {
	        this.courseVideoState.play();
	    }
	
	    public void pause() {
	        this.courseVideoState.pause();
	    }
	
	    public void stop() {
	        this.courseVideoState.stop();
	    }
	
	    public void speed() {
	        this.courseVideoState.speed();
	    }
	}

       表示对象状态的抽象类：

	public abstract class CourseVideoState {
	    protected CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext;
	
	    public void setCourseVideoContext(CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext) {
	        this.courseVideoContext = courseVideoContext;
	    }
	
	    public abstract void play();
	
	    public abstract void pause();
	
	    public abstract void stop();
	
	    public abstract void speed();
	}

       播放状态类：

	public class PlayState extends CourseVideoState {
	    @Override
	    public void play() {
	        System.out.println("正常播放课程视频状态");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void pause() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void stop() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void speed() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
	    }
	}

       暂停状态类：

	public class PauseState extends CourseVideoState {
	    @Override
	    public void play() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void pause() {
	        System.out.println("暂停播放课程视频状态");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void stop() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void speed() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
	    }
	}

       加速状态类：

	public class SpeedState extends CourseVideoState {
	    @Override
	    public void play() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void pause() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void stop() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void speed() {
	        System.out.println("快进播放课程视频状态");
	    }
	}

       停止状态类：

	public class StopState extends CourseVideoState {
	    @Override
	    public void play() {
	        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void pause() {
	        System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能暂停");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void stop() {
	        System.out.println("停止播放课程视频状态");
	    }
	
	    @Override
	    public void speed() {
	        System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能快进");
	    }
	}

       测试类：

	public class StateTest {
	    public static void main(String[] args) {
	        CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext = new CourseVideoContext();
	        courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(new PlayState());
	
	        System.out.println("当前状态: "+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
	        courseVideoContext.pause();
	
	        System.out.println("当前状态: "+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
	        courseVideoContext.speed();
	
	        System.out.println("当前状态: "+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
	        courseVideoContext.stop();
	
	        System.out.println("当前状态: "+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
	        courseVideoContext.speed();
	    }
	}

       测试结果：