Spring5学习：IOC容器-Bean管理-2

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前言

跟随尚硅谷学习Spring5
IOC容器

一、IOC 操作 Bean 管理（xml注入集合属性）

 注入数组、List、Map类型属性

 创建类，定义属性和对应的 set 方法

package com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class Student {

    // 1 - Array数组类型属性
    private String[] studentName;
    private String[] courses;

    // 2 - List集合类型属性
    private List<String> list;

    // 3 - Map集合类型属性
    private Map<String, String> maps;

    // 4 - Set集合类型属性
    private Set<String> sets;
    
    public void setStudentName(String[] studentName) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }

    public void setCourses(String[] courses) {
        this.courses = courses;
    }

    public void setList(List<String> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {
        this.sets = sets;
    }

    public void setCourseList(List<Course> courseList) 			    {
        this.courseList = courseList;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "studentName=" + Arrays.toString(studentName) +
                ", courses=" + Arrays.toString(courses) +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", sets=" + sets +
                '}';
    }
}

  在 spring 配置文件配置对象创建，配置属性注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置User对象创建-->
    <bean id="student" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Student">

        <!-- 1 - String[]类型 -->
        <!--list写法 - 与Array通用-->
        <property name="studentName">
            <list>
                <value>王五</value>
                <value>小五</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!--Array写法 - 与list通用-->
        <property name="courses">
            <array>
                <value>java</value>
                <value>python</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!-- 2 - List<String>类型 -->
        <property name="list">
            <!--方式一-->
<!--            <array>-->
<!--                <value>list-1</value>-->
<!--                <value>list-2</value>-->
<!--            </array>-->
            <!--方式二-->
            <list>
                <value>list-3</value>
                <value>list-4</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!-- 3 - Map<String, String>类型 -->
        <property name="maps">
            <map>
                <entry key="java" value="v1"/>
                <entry key="c++" value="v2"/>
                <entry key="pyhton" value="v3"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!-- 4 - Set<String>类型 -->
        <property name="sets">
            <set>
                <value>set-1</value>
                <value>set-2</value>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

  测试：

package com.atguigu.sprint5;
import com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.BookSetterInjection;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class BookTest {
    @Test
    public void testBookSetterInjection() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bookSetterInjection.xml");
        BookSetterInjection book = context.getBean("book", BookSetterInjection.class);
        System.out.println(book);
    }
}

 在集合里面设置对象类型值

 之前设置的字符串
 创建类，定义属性和对应的 set 方法

package com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections;

public class Course {

    private String courseName;
    public void setCourseName(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Course{" +
                "courseName='" + courseName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

  在 spring 配置文件中进行配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置User对象创建-->
    <bean id="student" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Student">
        <!-- 5 - List<Course>类型 -->
        <property name="courseList">
            <list>
                <ref bean="course1"></ref>
                <ref bean="course2"></ref>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 5 - List<Course>类型: Course的bean-->
    <bean id="course1" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Course">
        <property name="courseName" value="spring"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="course2" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Course">
        <property name="courseName" value="redis"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

  测试：

package com.atguigu.sprint5;
import com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class StudentTest {
    @Test
    public void testStudent() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Student.xml");
        Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}

 把集合注入部分提取出来

  创建类，定义属性和对应的 set 方法

package com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections;

import java.util.List;

public class Book {

    private List<String> bookList;

    public void setBookList(List<String> bookList) {
        this.bookList = bookList;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "bookList=" + bookList +
                '}';
    }
}

  在 spring 配置文件中引入名称空间 util，把beans改成util

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/util https://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">


    <!-- 把集合注入部分提取出来， 使用xsi:util 命名空间 -->
    <!--提取list集合类型属性注入-->
    <util:list id="utilList">
        <value>cjjs神经经</value>
        <value>九阳神功</value>
        <value>九阴真经</value>
    </util:list>

    <bean id="book" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Book">
        <!--ref util的bean id完成list集合注入-->
        <property name="bookList" ref="utilList"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

  测试：

package com.atguigu.sprint5;
import com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.collections.Book;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class BookTest {
    @Test
    public void testBook() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Book.xml");
        Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
        System.out.println(book);
    }
}

二、IOC 操作 Bean 管理（FactoryBean）

• Spring 有两种类型 bean，一种普通 bean，另外一种工厂 bean（FactoryBean）
  • 普通 bean：在配置文件中定义 bean 类型就是返回类型
  • 工厂 bean：在配置文件定义 bean 类型可以和返回类型不一样
• 普通bean操作步骤
   创建类->编写配置文件->测试
• 工厂bean操作步骤
  创建类，让这个类作为工厂 bean，实现接口 FactoryBean

package com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.factoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

// 定义数据MyBean类对象，而返回类型使用Course类对象，重写接口Factory的getObject()方法
public class MyBean implements FactoryBean<Course> {

    public Course getObject() throws Exception {
        // 手动设置一个course值后返回
        Course course = new Course();
        course.setCourseName("abc");
        return course;
    }

    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return null;
    }

    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return false;
    }
}

  在 spring 配置文件中进行配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--MyBean类，该类实现FactoryBean接口，更改返回类型为Course-->
    <bean id="myBean" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.factoryBean.MyBean"/>
</beans>

  测试：

package com.atguigu.sprint5;

import com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.factoryBean.Course;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class FactoryBeanTest {

    @Test
    public void testFactoryBean() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("FactoryBean.xml");

        // expected to be of type 'com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.factoryBean.MyBean' but was actually of type 'com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.factoryBean.Course'
//        MyBean myBean = context.getBean("myBean", MyBean.class);
//        System.out.println(myBean);

        // 返回类型为Course，bean类为MyBean。
        Course course = context.getBean("myBean", Course.class);
        System.out.println(course);
    }
}

三、IOC 操作 Bean 管理（bean 作用域）

• 在 Spring 里面，设置创建 bean 实例是单实例还是多实例
• 在 Spring 里面，默认情况下， bean 是单实例对象
• 如何设置单实例还是多实例
  • 在 spring 配置文件 bean 标签里面有属性（ scope）用于设置单实例还是多实例
  • scope 属性值
      第一个值 默认值， singleton，表示是单实例对象
      第二个值 prototype，表示是多实例对象
  • singleton 和 prototype 区别
      第一 singleton 单实例， prototype 多实例
      第二 设置 scope 值是 singleton 时候，加载 spring 配置文件时候就会创建单实例对象
      设置 scope 值是 prototype 时候，不是在加载 spring 配置文件时候创建对象，在调用getBean方法时候创建多实例对象
      创建类

package com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.beanScope;
public class Book {
}

  在 spring 配置文件中进行配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="bookScopeDefault" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.beanScope.Book"/>

    <bean id="bookScopeSingleton" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.beanScope.Book" scope="singleton"/>

    <bean id="bookScopePrototype" class="com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.beanScope.Book" scope="prototype"/>
</beans>

  测试：

package com.atguigu.sprint5;

import com.atguigu.spring5.dependencyInjection.beanScope.Book;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class BeanScopeTest {

    @Test
    public void testBeanScopeDefault() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanScope.xml");
        Book book1 = context.getBean("bookScopeDefault", Book.class);
        Book book2 = context.getBean("bookScopeDefault", Book.class);
        System.out.println(book1);
        System.out.println(book2);
        Assert.assertEquals("检查book1和book2是否单例同一个对象", book1, book2);
    }

    @Test
    public void testBeanScopeSingleton() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanScope.xml");
        Book book1 = context.getBean("bookScopeSingleton", Book.class);
        Book book2 = context.getBean("bookScopeSingleton", Book.class);
        System.out.println(book1);
        System.out.println(book2);
        Assert.assertEquals("检查book1和book2是否单例同一个对象", book1, book2);
    }

    @Test
    public void testBeanScopePrototype() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanScope.xml");
        Book book1 = context.getBean("bookScopePrototype", Book.class);
        Book book2 = context.getBean("bookScopePrototype", Book.class);
        System.out.println(book1);
        System.out.println(book2);
        Assert.assertNotEquals("检查book1和book2是否多实例不同对象", book1, book2);
    }
}