Spring 3 Dependency injection

DI exists in two major variants, Constructor-based dependency injection and Setter-based dependency injection.

1. 基于构造方法的DI （Constructor-based dependency injection）

构造方法中的参数可以是原生数据类型，也可以是引用类型

引用类型：

public class SimpleMovieLister {

  // the SimpleMovieLister has a dependency on a MovieFinder
  private MovieFinder movieFinder;

  // a constructor so that the Spring container can 'inject' a MovieFinder
  public SimpleMovieLister(MovieFinder movieFinder) {
      this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
  }

  // business logic that actually 'uses' the injected MovieFinder is omitted...
}

package x.y;
public class Foo {  
public Foo(Bar bar, Baz baz) { 
     // ...  
}

}

<beans>
  <bean id="foo" class="x.y.Foo">
      <constructor-arg ref="bar"/>
      <constructor-arg ref="baz"/>
  </bean>

  <bean id="bar" class="x.y.Bar"/>
  <bean id="baz" class="x.y.Baz"/>

</beans>

简单类型:

package examples;

public class ExampleBean {

  // No. of years to the calculate the Ultimate Answer
  private int years;

  // The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything
  private String ultimateAnswer;

  public ExampleBean(int years, String ultimateAnswer) {
      this.years = years;
      this.ultimateAnswer = ultimateAnswer;
  }
}

方式一通过类型：

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">
<constructor-arg type="int" value="7500000"/>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="42"/>
</bean>

方式二通过索引:

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="7500000"/>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="42"/>
</bean>

在Spring3.0后，还提供了@ConstructorProperties注解的方法对构造方法的参数进行注入 

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">
<constructor-arg name="years" value="7500000"/>
<constructor-arg name="ultimateanswer" value="42"/>
</bean>

package examples;

public class ExampleBean {

  // Fields omitted

  @ConstructorProperties({"years", "ultimateAnswer"})
  public ExampleBean(int years, String ultimateAnswer) {
      this.years = years;
      this.ultimateAnswer = ultimateAnswer;
  }
}

2. 基于Setter方法的DI （Constructor-based dependency injection）

Setter-based DI: 通过setter方法完成注入

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">

<!-- setter injection using the nested <ref/> element -->
<property name="beanOne"><ref bean="anotherExampleBean"/></property>

<!-- setter injection using the neater 'ref' attribute -->
<property name="beanTwo" ref="yetAnotherBean"/>
<property name="integerProperty" value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="examples.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="examples.YetAnotherBean"/>

public class ExampleBean {

  private AnotherBean beanOne;
  private YetAnotherBean beanTwo;
  private int i;

  public void setBeanOne(AnotherBean beanOne) {
      this.beanOne = beanOne;
  }

  public void setBeanTwo(YetAnotherBean beanTwo) {
      this.beanTwo = beanTwo;
  }

  public void setIntegerProperty(int i) {
      this.i = i;
  }
}

constructor-based DI:

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">

<!-- constructor injection using the nested <ref/> element -->
<constructor-arg>
  <ref bean="anotherExampleBean"/>
</constructor-arg>

<!-- constructor injection using the neater 'ref' attribute -->
<constructor-arg ref="yetAnotherBean"/>

<constructor-arg type="int" value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="examples.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="examples.YetAnotherBean"/>

public class ExampleBean {  
  private AnotherBean beanOne;
  private YetAnotherBean beanTwo; 
  private int i;  
  public ExampleBean(AnotherBean anotherBean, YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean, int i) {
      this.beanOne = anotherBean;      
      this.beanTwo = yetAnotherBean;
      this.i = i;  
 }
}

通过静态工厂方法进行注入

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance">
<constructor-arg ref="anotherExampleBean"/>
<constructor-arg ref="yetAnotherBean"/>
<constructor-arg value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="examples.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="examples.YetAnotherBean"/>

public class ExampleBean {

  // a private constructor
  private ExampleBean(...) {
    ...
  }
  
  // a static factory method; the arguments to this method can be
  // considered the dependencies of the bean that is returned,
  // regardless of how those arguments are actually used.
  public static ExampleBean createInstance (
          AnotherBean anotherBean, YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean, int i) {

      ExampleBean eb = new ExampleBean (...);
      // some other operations...
      return eb;
  }
}

Arguments to the static factory method are supplied via <constructor-arg/> elements, exactly the same as if a constructor had actually been used. The type of the class being returned by the factory method does not have to be of the same type as the class that contains the static factory method, although in this example it is. An instance (non-static) factory method would be used in an essentially identical fashion (aside from the use of the factory-bean attribute instead of the class attribute), so details will not be discussed here.

Dependency resolution process 分析依赖过程

1. The ApplicationContext is created and initialized with configuration metadata that describes all the beans. Configuration metadata can be specified via XML, Java code or annotations.

2. For each bean, its dependencies are expressed in the form of properties, constructor arguments, or arguments to the static-factory method if you are using that instead of a normal constructor. These dependencies are provided to the bean, when the bean is actually created.

3. Each property or constructor argument is an actual definition of the value to set, or a reference to another bean in the container.

4. Each property or constructor argument which is a value is converted from its specified format to the actual type of that property or constructor argument. By default Spring can convert a value supplied in string format to all built-in types, such as int, long, String, boolean, etc.