主机名、服务与地址的映射——getaddrinfo(),getnameinfo(),gai_strerror()

http://blog.csdn.net/duyiwuer2009/article/details/7875206

 

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. /* Structure to contain information about address of a service provider.  */ 
2. struct addrinfo 
3. { 
4.   int ai_flags;         /* Input flags.  */ 
5.   int ai_family;        /* Protocol family for socket.  */ 
6.   int ai_socktype;      /* Socket type.  */ 
7.   int ai_protocol;      /* Protocol for socket.  */ 
8.   socklen_t ai_addrlen;     /* Length of socket address.  */ 
9.   struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* Socket address for socket.  */ 
10.   char *ai_canonname;       /* Canonical name for service location.  */ 
11.   struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* Pointer to next in list.  */ 
12. }; 

/* Structure to contain information about address of a service provider.  */
struct addrinfo
{
  int ai_flags;			/* Input flags.  */
  int ai_family;		/* Protocol family for socket.  */
  int ai_socktype;		/* Socket type.  */
  int ai_protocol;		/* Protocol for socket.  */
  socklen_t ai_addrlen;		/* Length of socket address.  */
  struct sockaddr *ai_addr;	/* Socket address for socket.  */
  char *ai_canonname;		/* Canonical name for service location.  */
  struct addrinfo *ai_next;	/* Pointer to next in list.  */
};

----------getaddrinfo()

The getaddrinfo function allows us to map a host name and a service name to an address.(APUE-2e)

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. int getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res); 
2. void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res); 
3. const char *gai_strerror(int errcode); 

int getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res);
const char *gai_strerror(int errcode);

Note:

(1) getaddrinfo() sets res to point to a dynamically-allocated linked list of  addrinfo  structures, linked by the ai_next member.  There are several reasons why the linked list may have more than one addrinfo structure, including:  if  the  network host is multi-homed; or if the same service is available from multiple socket  protocols  (one SOCK_STREAM address and another SOCK_DGRAM address, for example).

(2) If getaddrinfo fails, we can't use perror or strerror to generate an error message. Instead, we need to callgai_strerrorto convert the error code returned into an error message.

下面的 getnameinfo 也用 gai_strerror 收集错误信息。

(3) 注意addrinfo.ai_flags AI_*的含义（见例子）

(4) getaddrinfo() returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following nonzero error codes: <see man page>

这也是不能用 perror or strerror 处理的原因，因为它没有用 errno(#include <errno.h>) 作为错误代码

----------getnameinfo()

The getnameinfo function converts an address into a host name and a service name.

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags); 

int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags);

Note:

(1) The  sa  argument is a pointer to a generic socket address structure (of type sockaddr_in or sockaddr_in6) of size salen thatholds the input IP address and port number

(2) addrinfo.ai_flags 和 getnameinfo的参数 flags 可以同时设置多个标志，按位与（|）；如果取一个标志，要按位或（&），下面的例子中有这两种用法。（Multiple flags are specified by bitwise OR-ing them together.）

 

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. /* Structure to contain information about address of a service provider.  */ 
2. struct addrinfo 
3. { 
4.   int ai_flags;         /* Input flags.  */ 
5.   int ai_family;       /* Protocol family for socket.  */ 
6.   int ai_socktype;      /* Socket type.  */ 
7.   int ai_protocol;     /* Protocol for socket.  */ 
8.   socklen_t ai_addrlen;     /* Length of socket address.  */ 
9.   struct sockaddr *ai_addr;/* Socket address for socket.  */ 
10.   char *ai_canonname;       /* Canonical name for service location.  */ 
11.   struct addrinfo *ai_next;/* Pointer to next in list.  */ 
12. }; 

/* Structure to contain information about address of a service provider.  */
struct addrinfo
{
  int ai_flags;			/* Input flags.  */
  int ai_family;		/* Protocol family for socket.  */
  int ai_socktype;		/* Socket type.  */
  int ai_protocol;		/* Protocol for socket.  */
  socklen_t ai_addrlen;		/* Length of socket address.  */
  struct sockaddr *ai_addr;	/* Socket address for socket.  */
  char *ai_canonname;		/* Canonical name for service location.  */
  struct addrinfo *ai_next;	/* Pointer to next in list.  */
};

----------getaddrinfo()

The getaddrinfo function allows us to map a host name and a service name to an address.(APUE-2e)

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. int getaddrinfo(constchar *node, constchar *service, conststruct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res); 
2. void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res); 
3. const char *gai_strerror(int errcode); 

int getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res);
const char *gai_strerror(int errcode);

Note:

(1) getaddrinfo() sets res to point to a dynamically-allocated linked list of  addrinfo  structures, linked by the ai_next member. There are several reasons why the linked list may have more than one addrinfo structure, including:  if  the  network host is multi-homed; or if the same service is available from multiple socket  protocols  (one SOCK_STREAM address and another SOCK_DGRAM address, for example).

(2) If getaddrinfo fails, we can't use perror or strerror to generate an error message. Instead, we need to callgai_strerrorto convert the error code returned into an error message.

下面的 getnameinfo 也用 gai_strerror收集错误信息。

(3) 注意addrinfo.ai_flags AI_*的含义（见例子）

(4) getaddrinfo() returns 0 if it succeeds, or one of the following nonzero error codes: <see man page>

这也是不能用 perror or strerror 处理的原因，因为它没有用 errno(#include <errno.h>) 作为错误代码

----------getnameinfo()

The getnameinfo function converts an address into a host name and a service name.

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. int getnameinfo(conststruct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen,char *serv, size_t servlen,int flags); 

int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags);

Note:

(1) The  sa  argument is a pointer to a generic socket address structure (of type sockaddr_in or sockaddr_in6) of size salen thatholds the input IP address and port number

(2) addrinfo.ai_flags 和 getnameinfo的参数flags 可以同时设置多个标志，按位与（|）；如果取一个标志，要按位或（&），下面的例子中有这两种用法。（Multiple flags are specified by bitwise OR-ing them together.）

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. /**
2. * getaddrinfo()
3. * OS: Ubuntu 11.04 Server
4. * This example is form APUE-2e
5. */ 
6. #include    "print_ai.h" 
7. #include    <stdio.h> 
8. #include    <stdlib.h> 
9. #include    <netdb.h> 
10. #include    <arpa/inet.h> 
11.  
12.  
13. int main(int argc,char *argv[]) 
14. { 
15.     struct addrinfo *ailist = NULL; 
16.     struct addrinfo hint; 
17.     int err; 
18.      
19.     if(argc != 3) 
20.     { 
21.         printf("usage: %s nodename service\n", argv[0]); 
22.         exit(1); 
23.     } 
24.      
25.     hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;   // AI_CANONNAME | AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV 
26.     hint.ai_family = 0; 
27.     hint.ai_socktype = 0; 
28.     hint.ai_protocol = 0; 
29.     hint.ai_addrlen = 0; 
30.     hint.ai_addr = NULL; 
31.     hint.ai_canonname = NULL; 
32.     hint.ai_next = NULL; 
33.  
34.  
35.     if( (err = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hint, &ailist)) != 0 ) 
36.     { 
37.         fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(err)); 
38.         exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
39.     } 
40.      
41.     print_ai(ailist); 
42.      
43.     freeaddrinfo(ailist); 
44.      
45.     return 0; 
46. } 
47. /*
48. $ ./a.out baidu.com nfs
49. flags: AI_CANONNAME
50. family: inet
51. socket type: stream
52. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
53. host: baidu.com
54. address: 220.181.111.86
55. port: 2049              # NFS程序常运行于这个端口
57. flags: AI_CANONNAME
58. family: inet
59. socket type: datagram
60. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
61. host:
62. address: 220.181.111.86
63. port: 2049
65. flags: AI_CANONNAME
66. family: inet
67. socket type: stream
68. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
69. host:
70. address: 123.125.114.144
71. port: 2049
73. flags: AI_CANONNAME
74. family: inet
75. socket type: datagram
76. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
77. host:
78. address: 123.125.114.144
79. port: 2049
81. flags: AI_CANONNAME
82. family: inet
83. socket type: stream
84. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
85. host:
86. address: 220.181.111.85
87. port: 2049
89. flags: AI_CANONNAME
90. family: inet
91. socket type: datagram
92. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
93. host:
94. address: 220.181.111.85
95. port: 2049
97. -------------------------------
98. $ ./a.out localhost nfs
99. flags: AI_CANONNAME
100. family: inet
101. socket type: stream
102. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
103. host: localhost
104. address: 127.0.0.1
105. port: 2049
107. flags: AI_CANONNAME
108. family: inet
109. socket type: datagram
110. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
111. host:
112. address: 127.0.0.1
113. port: 2049
115. -------------------------------the function of AI_NUMERICHOST and AI_NUMERICSERV
116. hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME | AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV
117. $ ./a.out baidu.com nfs
118. getaddrinfo: Name or service not known
120. $ ./a.out 220.181.111.85 nfs
121. getaddrinfo: Name or service not known
123. $ ./a.out 220.181.111.85 2049
124. flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
125. family: inet
126. socket type: stream
127. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
128. host: 220.181.111.85
129. address: 220.181.111.85
130. port: 2049
132. flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
133. family: inet
134. socket type: datagram
135. protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
136. host:
137. address: 220.181.111.85
138. port: 2049
140. flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
141. family: inet
142. socket type: raw
143. protocol: default
144. host:
145. address: 220.181.111.85
146. port: 2049
148. -------------------------------
149. FILES: /etc/gai.conf
150. */ 

/**
 * getaddrinfo()
 * OS: Ubuntu 11.04 Server
 * This example is form APUE-2e
 */
#include	"print_ai.h"
#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<stdlib.h>
#include	<netdb.h>
#include	<arpa/inet.h>


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct addrinfo *ailist = NULL;
	struct addrinfo hint;
	int err;
	
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		printf("usage: %s nodename service\n", argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	
	hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;	// AI_CANONNAME | AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV
	hint.ai_family = 0;
	hint.ai_socktype = 0;
	hint.ai_protocol = 0;
	hint.ai_addrlen = 0;
	hint.ai_addr = NULL;
	hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
	hint.ai_next = NULL;


	if( (err = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hint, &ailist)) != 0 )
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(err));
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	
	print_ai(ailist);
	
	freeaddrinfo(ailist);
	
	return 0;
}
/*
$ ./a.out baidu.com nfs
flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: stream
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host: baidu.com
address: 220.181.111.86
port: 2049				# NFS程序常运行于这个端口

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: datagram
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 220.181.111.86
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: stream
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 123.125.114.144
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: datagram
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 123.125.114.144
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: stream
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 220.181.111.85
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: datagram
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 220.181.111.85
port: 2049

-------------------------------
$ ./a.out localhost nfs
flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: stream
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host: localhost
address: 127.0.0.1
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME
family: inet
socket type: datagram
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 127.0.0.1
port: 2049

-------------------------------the function of AI_NUMERICHOST and AI_NUMERICSERV
hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME | AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV
$ ./a.out baidu.com nfs
getaddrinfo: Name or service not known

$ ./a.out 220.181.111.85 nfs
getaddrinfo: Name or service not known

$ ./a.out 220.181.111.85 2049
flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
family: inet
socket type: stream
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host: 220.181.111.85
address: 220.181.111.85
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
family: inet
socket type: datagram
protocol: IPPROTO_TCP
host:
address: 220.181.111.85
port: 2049

flags: AI_CANONNAME AI_NUMERICHOST AI_NUMERICSERV
family: inet
socket type: raw
protocol: default
host:
address: 220.181.111.85
port: 2049

-------------------------------
FILES: /etc/gai.conf
*/

----------打印 addrinfo 的函数——print_ai

print_ai.h

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. #ifndef _PRINT_AI_H 
2. #define _PRINT_AI_H 
3.  
4. #include    <sys/socket.h> 
5. #include    <netdb.h> 
6.  
7. extern void print_ai(struct addrinfo *ailist); 
8. extern void print_flags(conststruct addrinfo *aip); 
9. extern void print_family(conststruct addrinfo *aip); 
10. extern void print_socktype(conststruct addrinfo *aip); 
11. extern void print_protocol(conststruct addrinfo *aip); 
12.  
13. #endif  /* _PRINT_AI_H */ 

#ifndef	_PRINT_AI_H
#define	_PRINT_AI_H

#include	<sys/socket.h>
#include	<netdb.h>

extern void print_ai(struct addrinfo *ailist);
extern void print_flags(const struct addrinfo *aip);
extern void print_family(const struct addrinfo *aip);
extern void print_socktype(const struct addrinfo *aip);
extern void print_protocol(const struct addrinfo *aip);

#endif	/* _PRINT_AI_H */

print_ai.c

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. #include    "print_ai.h" 
2. #include    <stdio.h> 
3. #include    <arpa/inet.h> 
4.  
5. void print_ai(struct addrinfo *ailist) 
6. { 
7.     struct addrinfo     *aip = NULL; 
8.     struct sockaddr_in  *sin_p = NULL; // socket inet address pointer 
9.     char                addr_in_p[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; 
10.     const char          *p = NULL; 
11.  
12.     for(aip = ailist; aip != NULL; aip = aip->ai_next) 
13.     { 
14.         printf("flags: "); 
15.         print_flags(aip); 
16.         printf("\n"); 
17.          
18.         printf("family: "); 
19.         print_family(aip); 
20.         printf("\n"); 
21.          
22.         printf("socket type: "); 
23.         print_socktype(aip); 
24.         printf("\n"); 
25.          
26.         printf("protocol: "); 
27.         print_protocol(aip); 
28.         printf("\n"); 
29.          
30.         printf("host: %s\n", aip->ai_canonname ? aip->ai_canonname :""); 
31.          
32.         if(aip -> ai_family == AF_INET) 
33.         { 
34.             sin_p = (struct sockaddr_in *)aip->ai_addr; 
35.             p = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_p->sin_addr, addr_in_p, INET_ADDRSTRLEN); 
36.             printf("address: %s\n", p ? addr_in_p :"unknown"); 
37.             printf("port: %d\n", ntohs(sin_p->sin_port));   // Note:  
38.         } 
39.          
40.         printf("\n"); 
41.     } 
42. } 
43.  
44. void print_flags(conststruct addrinfo *aip) 
45. { 
46.     if(aip->ai_flags == 0) 
47.     { 
48.         printf("0"); 
49.     } 
50.     else 
51.     { 
52.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE) 
53.         { 
54.             printf("AI_PASSIVE "); 
55.         } 
56.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME) 
57.         { 
58.             printf("AI_CANONNAME "); 
59.         } 
60.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICHOST) 
61.         { 
62.             printf("AI_NUMERICHOST "); 
63.         } 
64. #if defined(AI_V4MAPPED) 
65.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_V4MAPPED) 
66.         { 
67.             printf("AI_V4MAPPED "); 
68.         } 
69. #endif 
70. #if defined(AI_ALL) 
71.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_ALL) 
72.         { 
73.             printf("AI_ALL "); 
74.         } 
75. #endif 
76. #if defined(AI_ADDRCONFIG) 
77.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_ADDRCONFIG) 
78.         { 
79.             printf("AI_ADDRCONFIG "); 
80.         } 
81. #endif 
82. #if defined(AI_NUMERICSERV) 
83.         if(aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICSERV) 
84.         { 
85.             printf("AI_NUMERICSERV "); 
86.         } 
87. #endif 
88.     } 
89. } 
90.  
91. void print_family(conststruct addrinfo *aip) 
92. { 
93.     switch(aip->ai_family) 
94.     { 
95.     case AF_INET: 
96.         printf("inet"); 
97.         break; 
98.     case AF_INET6: 
99.         printf("inet6"); 
100.         break; 
101.     case AF_UNIX: 
102.         printf("unix"); 
103.         break; 
104.     case AF_UNSPEC: 
105.         printf("unspecified"); 
106.         break; 
107.     default: 
108.         printf("unknown"); 
109.     } 
110. } 
111.  
112. void print_socktype(conststruct addrinfo *aip) 
113. { 
114.     switch(aip->ai_socktype) 
115.     { 
116.     case SOCK_STREAM: 
117.         printf("stream"); 
118.         break; 
119.     case SOCK_DGRAM: 
120.         printf("datagram"); 
121.         break; 
122.     case SOCK_SEQPACKET: 
123.         printf("seqpacket"); 
124.         break; 
125.     case SOCK_RAW: 
126.         printf("raw"); 
127.         break; 
128.     default: 
129.         printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_socktype); 
130.     } 
131. } 
132.  
133. void print_protocol(conststruct addrinfo *aip) 
134. { 
135.     switch(aip->ai_protocol) 
136.     { 
137.     case 0: 
138.         printf("default"); 
139.         break; 
140.     case IPPROTO_TCP: 
141.         printf("IPPROTO_TCP"); 
142.         break; 
143.     case IPPROTO_UDP: 
144.         printf("IPPROTO_UDP"); 
145.         break; 
146.     case IPPROTO_RAW: 
147.         printf("IPPROTO_RAW"); 
148.         break; 
149.     default: 
150.         printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_protocol); 
151.     } 
152. } 

#include	"print_ai.h"
#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<arpa/inet.h>

void print_ai(struct addrinfo *ailist)
{
	struct addrinfo		*aip = NULL;
	struct sockaddr_in	*sin_p = NULL;	// socket inet address pointer
	char 				addr_in_p[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
	const char 			*p = NULL;

	for(aip = ailist; aip != NULL; aip = aip->ai_next)
	{
		printf("flags: ");
		print_flags(aip);
		printf("\n");
		
		printf("family: ");
		print_family(aip);
		printf("\n");
		
		printf("socket type: ");
		print_socktype(aip);
		printf("\n");
		
		printf("protocol: ");
		print_protocol(aip);
		printf("\n");
		
		printf("host: %s\n", aip->ai_canonname ? aip->ai_canonname : "");
		
		if(aip -> ai_family == AF_INET)
		{
			sin_p = (struct sockaddr_in *)aip->ai_addr;
			p = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_p->sin_addr, addr_in_p, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
			printf("address: %s\n", p ? addr_in_p : "unknown");
			printf("port: %d\n", ntohs(sin_p->sin_port));	// Note: 
		}
		
		printf("\n");
	}
}

void print_flags(const struct addrinfo *aip)
{
	if(aip->ai_flags == 0)
	{
		printf("0");
	}
	else
	{
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE)
		{
			printf("AI_PASSIVE ");
		}
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME)
		{
			printf("AI_CANONNAME ");
		}
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICHOST)
		{
			printf("AI_NUMERICHOST ");
		}
#if defined(AI_V4MAPPED)
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_V4MAPPED)
		{
			printf("AI_V4MAPPED ");
		}
#endif
#if defined(AI_ALL)
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_ALL)
		{
			printf("AI_ALL ");
		}
#endif
#if defined(AI_ADDRCONFIG)
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_ADDRCONFIG)
		{
			printf("AI_ADDRCONFIG ");
		}
#endif
#if defined(AI_NUMERICSERV)
		if(aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICSERV)
		{
			printf("AI_NUMERICSERV ");
		}
#endif
	}
}

void print_family(const struct addrinfo *aip)
{
	switch(aip->ai_family)
	{
	case AF_INET:
		printf("inet");
		break;
	case AF_INET6:
		printf("inet6");
		break;
	case AF_UNIX:
		printf("unix");
		break;
	case AF_UNSPEC:
		printf("unspecified");
		break;
	default:
		printf("unknown");
	}
}

void print_socktype(const struct addrinfo *aip)
{
	switch(aip->ai_socktype)
	{
	case SOCK_STREAM:
		printf("stream");
		break;
	case SOCK_DGRAM:
		printf("datagram");
		break;
	case SOCK_SEQPACKET:
		printf("seqpacket");
		break;
	case SOCK_RAW:
		printf("raw");
		break;
	default:
		printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_socktype);
	}
}

void print_protocol(const struct addrinfo *aip)
{
	switch(aip->ai_protocol)
	{
	case 0:
		printf("default");
		break;
	case IPPROTO_TCP:
		printf("IPPROTO_TCP");
		break;
	case IPPROTO_UDP:
		printf("IPPROTO_UDP");
		break;
	case IPPROTO_RAW:
		printf("IPPROTO_RAW");
		break;
	default:
		printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_protocol);
	}
}

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. /**
2. * getnameinfo()
3. * OS: Ubuntu 11.04 Server
4. * for other examples, see man getnameinfo page
5. */ 
6. #include <stdio.h> 
7. #include <stdlib.h> 
8. #include <netdb.h> 
9. #include <arpa/inet.h> 
10.  
11. int main(int argc,char *argv[]) 
12. { 
13.     struct sockaddr_in sa_in; 
14.     char host[NI_MAXHOST], service[NI_MAXSERV]; 
15.     int flags; 
16.     int err; 
17.      
18.     sa_in.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 
19.     sa_in.sin_port = htons(2049);   // the port of NFS 
20.     inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr);   // "220.181.111.86" is the address of baidu.com 
21.     flags = 0;  // NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV 
22.      
23.     err = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)(&sa_in),sizeof(struct sockaddr), 
24.                     host, sizeof(host), service,sizeof(service), flags); 
25.     if(err != 0) 
26.     { 
27.         gai_strerror(err); 
28.         exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
29.     } 
30.     printf("host=%s, serv=%s\n", host, service); 
31.      
32.     return 0; 
33. } 
34. /*
35. $ ./a.out
36. host=localhost, serv=nfs
38. $ ./a.out
39. host=220.181.111.86, serv=nfs
40. */ 

/**
 * getnameinfo()
 * OS: Ubuntu 11.04 Server
 * for other examples, see man getnameinfo page
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in sa_in;
	char host[NI_MAXHOST], service[NI_MAXSERV];
	int flags;
	int err;
	
	sa_in.sin_family = AF_INET;	// IPv4
	sa_in.sin_port = htons(2049);	// the port of NFS
	inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr);	// "220.181.111.86" is the address of baidu.com
	flags = 0;	// NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV
	
	err = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)(&sa_in), sizeof(struct sockaddr),
					host, sizeof(host), service, sizeof(service), flags);
	if(err != 0)
	{
		gai_strerror(err);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("host=%s, serv=%s\n", host, service);
	
	return 0;
}
/*
$ ./a.out
host=localhost, serv=nfs

$ ./a.out
host=220.181.111.86, serv=nfs
*/

 

----------参考资料

APUE-2e

Linux man pages