ALTER SYSTEM 中 SCOPE=SPFILE/MEMORY/BOTH 的区别：

SCOPE = SPFILE

 The change is applied in the server parameter file only. The effect is as follows:

■ For dynamic parameters, the change is effective at the next startup and is persistent.

■ For static parameters, the behavior. is the same as for dynamic parameters. This is the only SCOPE specification allowed for static parameters.

（此更改写入初始化参数文件，更改将在下次启动时生效。动态参数与静态参数都一样可以。也是静态参数唯一可以使用的方式。）

 必须是spfile启动的数据库才可以啊。不然报错 

SCOPE = MEMORY

The change is applied in memory only. The effect is as follows:

■ For dynamic parameters, the effect is immediate, but it is not persistent because the server parameter file is not updated.

■ For static parameters, this specification is not allowed.

（只在内存上修改，立即生效，但重启后将不再生效，因为并没有写入到初始化参数文件。只适用于动态参数，静态参数则不允许。）

用于不是spfile启动的数据库上面。下次启动如果用spfile，就失效了。

SCOPE = BOTH

The change is applied in both the server parameter file and memory. The effect is as follows:

■ For dynamic parameters, the effect is immediate and persistent.

■ For static parameters, this specification is not allowed.

（既写入到初始化参数文件，也在内存上修改，立即生效。同样也只适用于动态参数，静态参数则不允许。）

 必须是spfile启动的数据库才可以啊。不然报错 

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