rman开启备份优化对备份归档的影响

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-26 21:13:10 发布

cke63021

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-26 21:13:10 发布

阅读量230

点赞数

文章标签：数据库

问题：
今天遇到了一个奇怪的问题，crontab做的定时任务，每天进行0级增量备份，先备份数据库库，然后单独备份归档，并且开启了备份优化，按道理讲每天的备份文件都差不多或者稍微大点才对，但是现在的情况是，5号产生了22g文件，6号却有111g,然后看了下备份日志，发现是由于6号备份了很多归档日志，为什么呢？

现象原因分析：

首先介绍下rman备份归档日志的两种方式：

1.单独备份归档日志：backup archivelog all

2.在执行备库时一起备份归档日志：backup database plus archivelog;

这两种方式有什么区别呢？后面有相关的测试结果记录！

1.运行backup archivelog all 命令时执行的步骤：

1)alter system archive log current; #归档当前日志

2)backup archivelog all ; #备份所有归档日志,注意如果备份优化被启用，RMAN只会备份未备份过的日志

2.运行backup database plus archivelog，的运行步骤是：

1）alter system archive log current; #归档当前日志

2）backup archivelog all； #备份所有归档日志,注意如果备份优化被启用，RMAN只会备份未备份过的日志

3）backup database; #备份数据库

4）alter system archive log current; #归档当前日志

5）Backs up any remaining archived logs generated during the backup; #备份备份过程中生成的任何剩余的归档日志

刚开始还怀疑是脚本执行backup archivelog all 导致的！但是经过试验发现开启了rman备份优化对backup archivelog all 也有效！

那么到底是什么原因导致我们线上0级备份，一次备份全部归档，一次跳过已经备份了的归档呢？

原来是由于空间不足，我们就手工删除之前的备份，只保留1 或者2天的备份，同时我们并没有设置备份完的归档进行删除，而是根据策略删除了7天之前的归档，也就是保留了7天的归档；

当我们删除了之前备份的归档之后，又进行了CROSSCHECK BACKUP;这样就会把删除了的归档备份设置成了expired,当你再次进行0级备份的时候，他会认为这些expired的归档没有被备份过，会从新备份一次！这样就表现出来一次备份全部归档，一次跳过已经备份了的归档；

总结：

当你开启了rman 优化备份的时候（也就是CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON)的时候，rman会跳过只读、offline、或者已经备份了的归档等等来提高rman 备份的效率！

但是如果你把之前的备份文件删除了，并且如果此时你执行了CROSSCHECK BACKUP来告诉rman,你之前备份已经expired了（也就是不存在了），那么rman会从新备份之前备份过的归档，如果此时你没有执行CROSSCHECK BACKUP，也就是rman并不知道之前的备份文件已经删除了，你继续备份的话，rman是不会备份已经备份过的归档；

相关测试记录：

查看rman相关测试：

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name HEZI are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/%F';

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_hezi.f'; # default

一：我们首先验证采用backup database plus archivelog的方式进行备份的时候，开启rman备份会怎样？

1.尝试第一次0级备份，加上plus archivelog;发现确实全备份归档，具体如下所示：

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database tag 'dbfull' format '/u01/backup/dbfull_%u_%s_%p' plus archivelog format '/u01/backup/archivelog_%u_%s_%p';

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=67 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=36 RECID=12 STAMP=979460874

input archived log thread=1 sequence=37 RECID=13 STAMP=979509613

input archived log thread=1 sequence=38 RECID=14 STAMP=979547348

input archived log thread=1 sequence=39 RECID=15 STAMP=979581659

input archived log thread=1 sequence=40 RECID=16 STAMP=979632022

input archived log thread=1 sequence=41 RECID=17 STAMP=979639258

input archived log thread=1 sequence=42 RECID=18 STAMP=979707631

input archived log thread=1 sequence=43 RECID=19 STAMP=979732836

input archived log thread=1 sequence=44 RECID=20 STAMP=979779659

input archived log thread=1 sequence=45 RECID=21 STAMP=979804972

input archived log thread=1 sequence=46 RECID=22 STAMP=979855209

input archived log thread=1 sequence=47 RECID=23 STAMP=979891449

input archived log thread=1 sequence=48 RECID=24 STAMP=979941613

input archived log thread=1 sequence=49 RECID=25 STAMP=979977923

input archived log thread=1 sequence=50 RECID=26 STAMP=980028009

input archived log thread=1 sequence=51 RECID=27 STAMP=980064400

input archived log thread=1 sequence=52 RECID=28 STAMP=980114411

input archived log thread=1 sequence=53 RECID=29 STAMP=980150874

input archived log thread=1 sequence=54 RECID=30 STAMP=980186460

input archived log thread=1 sequence=55 RECID=31 STAMP=980323244

input archived log thread=1 sequence=56 RECID=32 STAMP=980330961

input archived log thread=1 sequence=57 RECID=33 STAMP=980388062

input archived log thread=1 sequence=58 RECID=34 STAMP=980460009

input archived log thread=1 sequence=59 RECID=35 STAMP=980460673

input archived log thread=1 sequence=60 RECID=36 STAMP=980546404

input archived log thread=1 sequence=61 RECID=37 STAMP=980547148

input archived log thread=1 sequence=62 RECID=38 STAMP=980632807

input archived log thread=1 sequence=63 RECID=39 STAMP=980640040

input archived log thread=1 sequence=64 RECID=40 STAMP=980719207

input archived log thread=1 sequence=65 RECID=41 STAMP=980724676

input archived log thread=1 sequence=66 RECID=42 STAMP=980724867

input archived log thread=1 sequence=67 RECID=43 STAMP=980724949

input archived log thread=1 sequence=68 RECID=44 STAMP=980726525

input archived log thread=1 sequence=69 RECID=45 STAMP=980726565

input archived log thread=1 sequence=70 RECID=46 STAMP=980805610

input archived log thread=1 sequence=71 RECID=47 STAMP=980807161

input archived log thread=1 sequence=72 RECID=48 STAMP=980849204

input archived log thread=1 sequence=73 RECID=49 STAMP=980851452

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_0nt7d6nt_23_1 tag=TAG20180707T104412 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/dbfull_0ot7d6on_24_1 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=74 RECID=50 STAMP=980851515

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_0pt7d6pr_25_1 tag=TAG20180707T104515 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/c-2308528329-20180707-00 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

2.尝试第二次0级增量备份：发现已经备份的归档没有再次备份，skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 36 to 74; already backed up，跳过了已经备份的归档！

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database tag 'dbfull' format '/u01/backup/dbfull_%u_%s_%p' plus archivelog format '/u01/backup/archivelog_%u_%s_%p';

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=67 device type=DISK

skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 36 to 74; already backed up

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=75 RECID=51 STAMP=980851907

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_0rt7d764_27_1 tag=TAG20180707T105148 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/dbfull_0st7d765_28_1 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=76 RECID=52 STAMP=980851926

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_0tt7d76m_29_1 tag=TAG20180707T105206 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/c-2308528329-20180707-01 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

3.前一次0级备份没有备份全部的归档，尝试再次0级备份，是不是会备份全部的呢？发现依旧没有全部备份;

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database tag 'dbfull' format '/u01/backup/dbfull_%u_%s_%p' plus archivelog format '/u01/backup/archivelog_%u_%s_%p';

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 36 to 82; already backed up

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=83 RECID=59 STAMP=980852691

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_1bt7d7uk_43_1 tag=TAG20180707T110451 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/dbfull_1ct7d7ul_44_1 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=84 RECID=60 STAMP=980852709

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_1dt7d7v5_45_1 tag=TAG20180707T110509 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/c-2308528329-20180707-05 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

4.我们尝试进行全备份，发现也没有全部的归档！

RMAN> backup database tag 'dbfull' format '/u01/backup/dbfull_%u_%s_%p' plus archivelog format '/u01/backup/archivelog_%u_%s_%p';

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 36 to 84; already backed up

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=85 RECID=61 STAMP=980853041

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_1ft7d89h_47_1 tag=TAG20180707T111041 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hezi/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/dbfull_1gt7d89j_48_1 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting backup at 07-JUL-18

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=86 RECID=62 STAMP=980853059

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/backup/archivelog_1ht7d8a3_49_1 tag=TAG20180707T111059 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 07-JUL-18

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

piece handle=/u01/c-2308528329-20180707-06 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JUL-18

5.我们尝试把rman备份优化关闭！依旧进行0级增量备份，发现又把所有的归档备份了一次！

RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION off;

old RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored