Spring集成web环境
①配置ContextLoaderListener监听器
②使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文
手动ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式
dao层
package com.itheima.dao;
public interface UserDao {
public void save();
}
package com.itheima.dao.impl;
import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println("save running.....");
}
}
service层
package com.itheima.service;
public interface UserService {
public void save();
}
package com.itheima.service.impl;
import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public void save() {
userDao.save();
}
}
web层
package com.itheima.web;
import com.itheima.listener.WebApplicationContextUitls;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
/*
在监听器创建容器,获取 ,不用每次创建
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
*/
ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUitls.getApplicationContext(servletContext);
UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}
listener 层 :设置监听器
package com.itheima.listener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
//读取web.xml中的全局参数
String contextLoaderListener = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextLoaderListener);
//将spring上下文对象存储到ServletContext域中
servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
System.out.println("spring容器创建完毕");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}
}
package com.itheima.listener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
public class WebApplicationContextUitls {
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
return (ApplicationContext)servletContext.getAttribute("app");
}
}
xml配置
applicationContext.xml 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 配置dao-->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<!-- 配置service-->
<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置web层-->
<!--自动扫描目录下所有的类文件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.web" />
</beans>
web.xml – 配置listener监听器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.itheima.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.itheima.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
使用ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式
取代手写listener文件
pom.xml
<!--上下文包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
配置监听器* web.xml
ContextLoaderListener监听器的作用就是启动Web容器时,自动装配applicationContext的配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!---->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.itheima.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
web层
package com.itheima.web;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
WebApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
userService.save();
}
}
SpringMVC
开发步骤
导入SpringMVC相关坐标
pom.xml
<!--spring mvc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>itheima_spring_mvc</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!--spring相关坐标 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring集成web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring mvc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql相关坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--web相关坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
配置SpringMVC核心控制器DispathcerServlet
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置springmvc前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建Controller类和视图页面,使用注解配置Controller类中业务方法的映射地址
- Controller类
package com.itheima.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/quick")
public String save(){
System.out.println("Controller save running.....");
return "success.jsp";
}
}
- 视图页面 sueecss.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: auas
Date: 2021/1/7
Time: 11:30
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success</h1>
</body>
</html>
配置SpringMVC核心文件 spring-mvc.xml
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--Controller的组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>
</beans>
⑥客户端发起请求测试
http://localhost:8080/itheima_spring_mvc_war_exploded/quick
SpringMVC流程图示
SpringMVC的组件解析
SpringMVC的执行流程
①用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet。
②DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。
③处理器映射器找到具体的处理器(可以根据xml配置、注解进行查找),生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。
④DispatcherServlet调用HandlerAdapter处理器适配器。
⑤HandlerAdapter经过适配调用具体的处理器(Controller,也叫后端控制器)。
⑥Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView。
⑦HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet。
⑧DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器。
⑨ViewReslover解析后返回具体View。
⑩DispatcherServlet根据View进行渲染视图(即将模型数据填充至视图中)。DispatcherServlet响应用户。
SpringMVC组件解析
- 前端控制器:DispatcherServlet
用户请求到达前端控制器,它就相当于 MVC 模式中的 C,DispatcherServlet 是整个流程控制的中心,由
它调用其它组件处理用户的请求,DispatcherServlet 的存在降低了组件之间的耦合性。
- 处理器映射器:HandlerMapping
HandlerMapping 负责根据用户请求找到 Handler 即处理器,SpringMVC 提供了不同的映射器实现不同的
映射方式,例如:配置文件方式,实现接口方式,注解方式等。
- 处理器适配器:HandlerAdapter
通过 HandlerAdapter 对处理器进行执行,这是适配器模式的应用,通过扩展适配器可以对更多类型的处理
器进行执行。
- 处理器:Handler
它就是我们开发中要编写的具体业务控制器。由 DispatcherServlet 把用户请求转发到 Handler。由
Handler 对具体的用户请求进行处理。
- 视图解析器:View Resolver
View Resolver 负责将处理结果生成 View 视图,View Resolver 首先根据逻辑视图名解析成物理视图名,即具体的页面地址,再生成 View 视图对象,最后对 View 进行渲染将处理结果通过页面展示给用户。
- 视图:View
SpringMVC 框架提供了很多的 View 视图类型的支持,包括:jstlView、freemarkerView、pdfView等。最常用的视图就是 jsp。一般情况下需要通过页面标签或页面模版技术将模型数据通过页面展示给用户,需要由程序员根据业务需求开发具体的页面
SpringMVC注解解析
@RequestMapping
作用:用于建立请求 URL 和处理请求方法之间的对应关系(地址映射)
位置:
类上,请求URL 的第一级访问目录。此处不写的话,就相当于应用的根目录
方法上,请求 URL 的第二级访问目录,与类上的使用@ReqquestMapping标注的一级目录一起组成访问虚拟路径
属性:
value:用于指定请求的URL。它和path属性的作用是一样的
method:用于指定请求的方式
params:用于指定限制请求参数的条件。它支持简单的表达式。要求请求参数的key和value必须和配置的一模一样
例如:
params = {“accountName”},表示请求参数必须有accountName
params = {“moeny!100”},表示请求参数中money不能是100
- 例
package com.itheima.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//请求地址 http://localhost:8080/itheima_spring_mvc_war_exploded/user/quick?accountName=111
@RequestMapping(value = "/quick",method = RequestMethod.GET,params = {"accountName"})
public String save(){
System.out.println("Controller save running.....");
return "/success.jsp";
}
}
mvc命名空间引入
- 以mvc为例;替换多有mvc为指定名
命名空间:xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
约束地址:http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
组件扫描
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--Controller的组件扫描 :include-filter, exclude-filter 在com.itheima 包下,扫描过称 排除或包含指定注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
SpringMVC的XML配置解析
SpringMVC有默认值
SpringMVC有默认组件配置,默认组件都是DispatcherServlet.properties配置文件中配置的,该配置文件地址org/springframework/web/servlet/DispatcherServlet.properties,该文件中配置了默认的视图解析器,如下:
org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver
翻看该解析器源码,可以看到该解析器的默认设置,如下:
REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX = "redirect:" --重定向前缀
FORWARD_URL_PREFIX = "forward:" --转发前缀(默认值)
prefix = ""; --视图名称前缀
suffix = ""; --视图名称后缀
- 视图解析器
我们可以通过属性注入的方式修改视图的的前后缀
<!--配置内部资源视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
//return "/WEB-INF/views/success.jsp";
return "success"; //配置拼接文件全路径