oracle concept笔记总结分享

学习oracle的时候首先是看concept文档，对oracle有大体的了解
大师们不知道concept读了多少遍，可能书度百变奇异自显

分享自己第一遍度concept时的笔记 不足之处希望指出

Introduction to what is oracle

 

1：Oracle database architecture

Database server is the key to solving the problems of information management.

 Overview of oracle grid architecture

Groups of independent modular hardware and software components can be

Connected and rejoined on demand.

Aims to solving

Benefits of grid computing

              Higher quality of service results from having no single point of failure

 

 Grid computing defined

               The grid style. of computing treats collection of similar IT resources holistically

As a single pool, while exploiting the distinct nature of individual resources

Within the pool.Grid computing achieves a balance between the benefits of

Holistic resource management and flexible independent resource control

 

1-8

Physical database structure

Data files

Each oracle has one or more physical data-files, and data file contain all the database data.

Every Oracle database has one or more physical data-files. The data-files contain all the

Database data

The data of logical database structures, such as tables and indexes, is

Physically stored in the data-files allocated for a database

原文理解：

在oracle，每个数据库有一个或者多个数据文件，这些数据文件记录着数据库的数据，而这些数据文件是以逻辑上的表或者索引的方式物理的存储起来的。

 

The characteristic of data file:

1: A data file can be associated with only one database.

2: data file can have automatically extend when database run out of space

3: one or more data file from a logical unit of database storage is called a table space

译文：一个数据文件只能属于一个数据库

     数据文件能够自动扩充，当数据空间用完时：是按照预先设定的大小

     一个或者多个数据文件存放的逻辑单元叫做表空间

Data in a data file is read, as needed, during normal database operation and stored in

The memory cache of Oracle. For example, assume that a user wants to access some

Data in a table of a database. If the requested information is not already in the memory

Cache for the database, then it is read from the appropriate data files and stored in

Memory.

Modified or new data is not necessarily written to a data file immediately. To reduce

The amount of disk access and to increase performance, data is pooled in memory and

Written to the appropriate data files all at once, as determined by the database writer

Process (DBWn) background process.

原文理解：

数据在数据文件中，当需要时，数据库通常是以操作指令的方式把数据读出，存放在内存中的。也就是说如果数据库要找数据，在内存中没有的情况下，才会去数据文件中找，并且把信息放在内存中，如果内存中有的话，就不必要去数据文件中寻找，修改数据的时候，也不会立即写入数据文件中，而是存放在内存中，在适当的时间，集中的放入内存中去。

而负责放入内存中的进程就是DMWN

 

Control file

In oracle every database has a control file 

A control file contains specifyphysical structure of the database.

It contains the following information:

Database name

Name and locations of data files and redo log file

Time stamp of database creation

 

Redo log file

Every oracle database has a set of two or more redo log files. The set of redo log files is collectively known as the redo log for databases.

The primary function of the redo log is to record all changes made to data. If a failure prevents modified data from begin permanently written to data files, then the changes can be obtained from the redo log, so work is never lost.

重做日志文件的功能是负责记录对数据的操作，如果我们要把一些数据写入数据文件，但是出现了以外，那么我们可以通过重做日志文件获得修改内容，用户已经完成的任务不会丢失。

也就是说我们对数据的修改都会记录在这个叫做重做日志文件中，这个日志文件可以负责我们在出现错误时候，对数据库进行维护。个人认为：如果我们对数据库进行了操作，而这个操作会对数据库产生良影响，那么我们可以通过redo log file获得操作信息，逆执行就可以恢复。

One or more copies of the redo log files can be maintained on different disks.

The information in a redo log file is used only to recover the database from a system or media failure

Example if an unexpected power outage terminates database operation, then data in memory cannot be written to the data files, and data is lost. However, lost data can be recovered when the database is opened. And recovered the database is used redo log file.

 

 

Parameter file参数文件

具体讲解见事故总结pfile同spfile.docx

 

Alert and trace log files

Each server and background process can write to an associated trace file. When an internal error is detected by a process, it dumps information about the error to its trace file.

 

Backup file

 

 

Overview of Logical Database Structures

Table spaces

A database is divided into logical storage units called table spaces, which group related logical structures together.

The combined size of the data files in a table space is the total

storage capacity of the table space.

Block segment extent

见个人总结

oracle数据库管理知识,表空间及其数据文件的管理.docx

 

回顾：oracle的逻辑机构是把数据文件存放在表空间中的，也就是说我们的oracle的表空间是逻辑存在的，oracle最小的单元是block，block可以组成区extents而区可以组成段segment，我们的段就是我们所说的表。

 

Overview of the Oracle Data Dictionary

Each oracle database has a data dictionary. An oracle data dictionary is a set of tables and views that are used as a read-only reference about the database.

A data dictionary is created when a database is created .

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