多线程（6）- Hook线程与线程异常捕获

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前言

Hook钩子，线程异常

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扩展：

概念

1. UncaughtExceptionHandler： 线程在执行单元(run部分)是不允许抛出异常的，而且线程运行在自己的上下文中，派生它的线程将无法直接获得它运行中出现的异常信息，对此JAVA提供了UncaughtExceptionHandler接口，当线程运行中出现异常，会回调UncaughtExceptionHandler接口，告诉是哪个线程出现什么错误。
2. Hook钩子：作为程序运行结束时的线程，处理后续工作

1、UncaughtExceptionHandler

API

//特定线程设置全局的UncaughtExceptionHandler 
public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)
//设置全局的UncaughtExceptionHandler 
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh) 
//获取全局的UncaughtExceptionHandler 
public static UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(){
        return defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler;
    }
//获取特定线程的UncaughtExceptionHandler 
public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?
            uncaughtExceptionHandler : group;
    }

dispatchUncaughtException-异常回调

//仅由JVM调用此方法处理异常
/**
     * Dispatch an uncaught exception to the handler. This method is
     * intended to be called only by the JVM.
     */
private void dispatchUncaughtException(Throwable e) {
        getUncaughtExceptionHandler().uncaughtException(this, e);
    }

2、获取线程运行时异常

/**
     * 使用钩子 处理异常
     */
    private static void uncaughtException() {
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t,e)->{
            System.out.println(t);
            e.printStackTrace();
        });
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(1/0);
        },"thread_uncaught").start();
    }

Thread[thread_uncaught,5,main]
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.today.roc.go.understand.thread.six.UncaughtExceptionMain.lambda$main$1(UncaughtExceptionMain.java:28)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

3、异常捕获机制

Thread捕获机制

如果当前线程没有UncaughtExceptionHandler，则线程组处理

public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?
            uncaughtExceptionHandler : group;
    }

ThreadGroup异常捕获机制

public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
        if (parent != null) {
        	//父类不为空，使用父UncaughtExceptionHandler
            parent.uncaughtException(t, e);
        } else {
	        //获取全局UncaughtExceptionHandler
            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =
                Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
            if (ueh != null) {
                ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
            } else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
            //交给System.err处理
                System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
                                 + t.getName() + "\" ");
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
            }
        }
    }

异常出现uncaught调用流程：Thread -> ThreadGroup -> MainGroup -> SystemGroup ->System.err

private static void testNoUncaught(){
        ThreadGroup mainGroup = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        System.out.println(mainGroup);
        System.out.println(mainGroup.getParent());
        System.out.println(mainGroup.getParent().getParent());
        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(1/0);
        },"uncaught_thread").start();
    }


java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]
null
Exception in thread "uncaught_thread" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.today.roc.go.understand.thread.six.UncaughtExceptionMain.lambda$testNoUncaught$2(UncaughtExceptionMain.java:51)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

4、注入钩子线程

当JVM程序停止时，会启动Hook线程，进行事后处理
防止程序重复启动：启动时候创建一个lock文件，添加一个hook当程序停止时删除lock文件，如果文件存在表示程序运行，不能重复启动。

public class HookMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(
                () -> {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("The hook thread 1 is running.");
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println("The hook thread 1 will exit.");
                }
        ));

        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(
                () -> {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("The hook thread 2 is running.");
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println("The hook thread 2 will exit.");
                }
        ));

        System.out.println("The program will is stopping");

    }

}

The program will is stopping
The hook thread 2 is running.
The hook thread 1 is running.
The hook thread 2 will exit.
The hook thread 1 will exit.

防止程序重复启动

/**
     * Hook实战
     */
    public static void hook() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{
            System.out.println(" program has exit ");
           if (getLookFile().toFile().exists()){
               //删除文件
               getLookFile().toFile().delete();
           }
        }));
        checkRunning();

        IntStream.range(0,5).forEach(v->{
            System.out.println(" the program is running ");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 检查文件是否存在，如果是第一次启动，创建文件
     */
    public static void checkRunning() throws IOException {
        Path path = getLookFile();
        if (path.toFile().exists()) {
            //文件存在，表示已经启动
            throw new RuntimeException("the program already running……");
        }
        Files.createFile(path);
        System.out.println("create file success");
    }

    public static Path getLookFile() {
        return Paths.get(LOCK_PATH, LOCK_FILE);
    }