Linux下解压和压缩命令

纯粹为了记一下，常用的几个命令。

命令格式：tar -zxvf 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】 -C  【路径】/

注释：解压.tar.gz格式到指定的目录下
例如：tar -zxvf japan.tar.gz -C /tmp/


命令格式：tar -jxvf 【压缩包文件名.tar.bz2】 -C  【路径】/
注释：解压.tar.bz2格式到指定的目录下
例如：tar -jxvf japan.tar.bz2 -C /tmp/


压缩.tar.gz格式到指定目录下
命令格式：tar -zcvf 【目录】/ 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】【源文件】
例如：tar -zcvf /tmp/test.tar.gz japan/
注意：一次压缩多个文件直接在源文件后用空格格开即可


压缩.tar.bz2格式到指定目录下
命令格式：tar -jcvf 【目录】/ 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】【源文件】
例如：tar -jcvf /tmp/test.tar.bz2 japan/

注意：一次压缩多个文件直接在源文件后用空格格开即可

顺便把tar 的man信息贴出来

NAME
       tar - manual page for tar 1.23
SYNOPSIS
       tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
       GNU ‘tar’ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive.
EXAMPLES
       tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
              # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
       tar -tvf archive.tar
              # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
       tar -xf archive.tar
              # Extract all files from archive.tar.
              Main operation mode:
       -A, --catenate, --concatenate
              append tar files to an archive
       -c, --create
              create a new archive
       -d, --diff, --compare
              find differences between archive and file system
       --delete
              delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
       -r, --append
              append files to the end of an archive
       -t, --list
              list the contents of an archive
       --test-label
              test the archive volume label and exit
       -u, --update
              only append files newer than copy in archive
       -x, --extract, --get
              extract files from an archive
       -C, --directory=DIR
              change to directory DIR
       -f, --file=ARCHIVE
              use archive file or device ARCHIVE
       -j, --bzip2
              filter the archive through bzip2
       -J, --xz
              filter the archive through xz
       -p, --preserve-permissions
              extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)
       -v, --verbose
              verbosely list files processed
       -z, --gzip
              filter the archive through gzip


Operation modifiers:
       --check-device
              check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)
       -g, --listed-incremental=FILE
              handle new GNU-format incremental backup
       -G, --incremental
              handle old GNU-format incremental backup
       --ignore-failed-read
              do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
       --level=NUMBER
              dump level for created listed-incremental archive
       -n, --seek
              archive is seekable
       --no-check-device
              do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives
       --no-seek
              archive is not seekable
       --occurrence[=NUMBER]
              process  only  the  NUMBERth  occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the
              subcommands --delete, --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on the command line or via  the  -T
              option; NUMBER defaults to 1
       --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
              set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)
       -S, --sparse
              handle sparse files efficiently
 
Overwrite control:
       -k, --keep-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors
       --skip-old-files
              don’t replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them
       --keep-newer-files
              don’t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies
       --no-overwrite-dir
              preserve metadata of existing directories
       --overwrite
              overwrite existing files when extracting
       --overwrite-dir
              overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)
       --recursive-unlink
              empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
       --remove-files
              remove files after adding them to the archive
       -U, --unlink-first
              remove each file prior to extracting over it
       -W, --verify
              attempt to verify the archive after writing it


Select output stream:
       --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children
       --no-ignore-command-error
              treat non-zero exit codes of children as error
       -O, --to-stdout
              extract files to standard output
       --to-command=COMMAND
              pipe extracted files to another program
              Handling of file attributes:
       --acls Save the ACLs to the archive
       --atime-preserve[=METHOD]
              preserve  access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD=’replace’; default) or by not set-
              ting the times in the first place (METHOD=’system’)
       --delay-directory-restore
              delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction
       --group=NAME
              force NAME as group for added files
       --mode=CHANGES
              force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
       --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE
              set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
       -m, --touch
              don’t extract file modified time
       --no-acls
              Don’t extract the ACLs from the archive
       --no-delay-directory-restore
              cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option
       --no-same-owner
              extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)
       --no-same-permissions
              apply the user’s umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users)
       --no-selinux
              Don’t extract the SELinux context from the archive
       --no-xattrs
              Don’t extract the user/root xattrs from the archive
       --numeric-owner
              always use numbers for user/group names
       --owner=NAME
              force NAME as owner for added files
       -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
              extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)
       --preserve
              same as both -p and -s
       --same-owner
              try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser)
       -s, --preserve-order, --same-order
              sort names to extract to match archive
       --selinux
              Save the SELinux context to the archive
       --xattrs
              Save the user/root xattrs to the archive
Device selection and switching:
       -f, --file=ARCHIVE
              use archive file or device ARCHIVE
       --force-local
              archive file is local even if it has a colon
       -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
              run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
       -L, --tape-length=NUMBER
              change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
       -M, --multi-volume
              create/list/extract multi-volume archive
       --rmt-command=COMMAND
              use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
       --rsh-command=COMMAND
              use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
       --volno-file=FILE
              use/update the volume number in FILE


Device blocking:
       -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS
              BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
       -B, --read-full-records
              reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
       -i, --ignore-zeros
              ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
       --record-size=NUMBER
              NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
 
Archive format selection:
       -H, --format=FORMAT
              create archive of the given format
              FORMAT is one of the following:
       gnu    GNU tar 1.13.x format
       oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
       pax    POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
       posix  same as pax
       ustar  POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
       v7     old V7 tar format
       --old-archive, --portability
              same as --format=v7
       --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
              control pax keywords
       --posix
              same as --format=posix
       -V, --label=TEXT
              create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name
 
Compression options:
       -a, --auto-compress
              use archive suffix to determine the compression program
       -I, --use-compress-program=PROG
              filter through PROG (must accept -d)
       -j, --bzip2
              filter the archive through bzip2
       -J, --xz
              filter the archive through xz
       --lzip filter the archive through lzip
       --lzma filter the archive through lzma
       --lzop
       --no-auto-compress
              do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program
       -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
              filter the archive through gzip
       -Z, --compress, --uncompress
              filter the archive through compress
Local file selection:
       --add-file=FILE
              add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)
       --backup[=CONTROL]
              backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
       -C, --directory=DIR
              change to directory DIR
       --exclude=PATTERN
              exclude files, given as a PATTERN
       --exclude-backups
              exclude backup and lock files
       --exclude-caches
              exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
       --exclude-caches-all
              exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
       --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
              CACHEDIR.TAG
       --exclude-tag=FILE
              exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself
       --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
       --exclude-tag-under=FILE
              exclude everything under directories containing FILE
       --exclude-vcs
              exclude version control system directories
       -h, --dereference
              follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to
       --hard-dereference
              follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to
       -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
              begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive
       --newer-mtime=DATE
              compare date and time when data changed only
       --no-null
              disable the effect of the previous --null option
       --no-recursion
              avoid descending automatically in directories
       --no-unquote
              do not unquote filenames read with -T
       --null                 -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
       -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
              only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
       --one-file-system
              stay in local file system when creating archive
       -P, --absolute-names
              don’t strip leading ‘/’s from file names
       --recursion
              recurse into directories (default)
       --suffix=STRING
              backup before removal, override usual suffix (’~’ unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
       -T, --files-from=FILE
              get names to extract or create from FILE
       --unquote
              unquote filenames read with -T (default)
       -X, --exclude-from=FILE
              exclude patterns listed in FILE


File name transformations:
       --strip-components=NUMBER
              strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction
       --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
              use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names
              File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):
       --anchored
              patterns match file name start
       --ignore-case
              ignore case
       --no-anchored
              patterns match after any ‘/’ (default for exclusion)
       --no-ignore-case
              case sensitive matching (default)
       --no-wildcards
              verbatim string matching
       --no-wildcards-match-slash
              wildcards do not match ‘/’
       --wildcards
              use wildcards (default)
       --wildcards-match-slash
              wildcards match ‘/’ (default for exclusion)


Informative output:
       --checkpoint[=NUMBER]
              display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10)
       --checkpoint-action=ACTION
              execute ACTION on each checkpoint
       --index-file=FILE
              send verbose output to FILE
       -l, --check-links
              print a message if not all links are dumped
       --no-quote-chars=STRING
              disable quoting for characters from STRING
       --quote-chars=STRING
              additionally quote characters from STRING
       --quoting-style=STYLE
              set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values
       -R, --block-number
              show block number within archive with each message
       --show-defaults
              show tar defaults
       --show-omitted-dirs
              when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria
       --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
              show file or archive names after transformation
       --totals[=SIGNAL]
              print total bytes after processing the archive; with an argument - print total bytes when this SIGNAL  is  delivered;  Allowed
              signals are: SIGHUP, SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names without SIG prefix are also accepted
       --utc  print file modification dates in UTC
       -v, --verbose
              verbosely list files processed
       --warning=KEYWORD
              warning control
       -w, --interactive, --confirmation
              ask for confirmation for every action
       Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options.
       The  backup  suffix  is  ‘~’, unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.  The version control may be set with --backup or VER-
       SION_CONTROL, values are:
       none, off
              never make backups
       t, numbered
              make numbered backups
       nil, existing
              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
       never, simple
              always make simple backups
       Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:
              literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale
DEFAULTS
       *This* tar defaults to: --format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt --rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh
AUTHOR
       Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and tar programs are properly installed at your  site,
       the command