原型模式:用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
即从一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象,而且不需要知道任何创建的细节。
浅复制:被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所用的对其它对象的引用都仍然指向原来的对象
深复制:把引用对象的变量指向复制过的新对象,而不是原来被引用的对象。
/**
* 原型接口
*
*/
public interface Prototype extends Cloneable{
public abstract Prototype copy();
}
/**
* 地址类,定义为具体类型(拷贝时只复制引用)
*
*/
public class Address {
private String id;
private String telephone;
private String address;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getTelephone() {
return telephone;
}
public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
this.telephone = telephone;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
/**
* 部门类(实现原型类方法,提供深拷贝)
*
*/
public class Department implements Prototype{
private String id;
// 部门名称
private String name;
public Prototype copy() {
Department department = null;
try {
department = (Department)this.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return department;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
/**
* 具体的原型类1
*
*/
public class ConcretePrototype1 implements Prototype {
// 姓名
private String name;
// 地址
private Address address;
// 部门
private Department department;
public Prototype copy() {
Prototype prototype = null;
try {
// 调用clone()方法时,必须实现java.lang.Cloneable接口
prototype = (Prototype)this.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return prototype;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Department getDepartment() {
return department;
}
public void setDepartment(Department department) {
// 此处为引用类型department的深拷贝
this.department = (Department)department.copy();
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcretePrototype1 c1 = new ConcretePrototype1();
c1.setName("C1");
Address address = new Address();
address.setTelephone("1359978768");
address.setAddress("厦门");
c1.setAddress(address);
Department department = new Department();
department.setName("开发部");
c1.setDepartment(department);
ConcretePrototype1 copyC1 =(ConcretePrototype1) c1.copy();
System.out.println(copyC1.getName());
System.out.println(copyC1.getAddress().getAddress());
// c1的改变不会影响copyC1的变化
c1.setName("C2");
System.out.println(copyC1.getName());//输出仍为C1
// 此时c1的改变会影响copyC1的变化,因为clone()实现的是浅拷贝,address为引用类型,只复制引用
address.setAddress("北京");
c1.setAddress(address);
System.out.println(copyC1.getAddress().getAddress());//输出变为北京
//此时c1的改变不会影响copyC1的变化,因为Department引用类型实现了深拷贝。
department.setName("总经理室");
c1.setDepartment(department);
System.out.println(copyC1.getDepartment().getName());//输出仍为开发部
}
}
输出结果为:
C1
厦门
C1
北京
开发部