卖票系统

用各种方法实现卖票系统。

一、利用共享内存

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

typedef struct _shm
{
    int flag;
    int ticket;
}SHM;

void sellTicket(SHM* pshm)
{

    while (1)
    {
        int time = rand() % 10 + 1; 
        usleep(time*100000);
        if (pshm->flag == 1)
        {
            pshm->flag = 0;
            if (pshm->ticket == 0)  // 票卖完
            {
                pshm->flag = 1;
                break;
            }

            printf ("卖掉一张票，座位号是 : %d\n", pshm->ticket);
            pshm->ticket--;
            pshm->flag = 1;
        }
    }
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    srand ((unsigned int)time(NULL));

    // 1、创建或者获取一个共享内存
    int shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(SHM), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (shmid == -1)
    {
        perror ("shmget");
        return -1;
    }

    // 2、将共享内存映射到当前的进程空间
    SHM* pshm = (SHM*)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
    if(pshm == (SHM*)-1)
    {
        perror ("shmat");
        return -1;
    }

    // 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存进行初始化
    if (argc == 2)
    {
        pshm->flag   = 1;
        pshm->ticket = 100;
    }

    // 开始卖票
    sellTicket(pshm);


    // 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存进行删除
    if (argc == 2)
    {
        shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
    }

    return 0;
}

---

二、利用信号量
头文件

#ifndef __SEMAPHORE_H__
#define __SEMAPHORE_H__

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>

union semun 
{
    int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
    struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
    unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
    struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
                               (Linux specific) */
};

// 信号量的初始化函数
int sem_init(int sem_id)
{
    union semun sem;
    sem.val = 1;
    int ret = semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem);
    return ret;
}

// 信号量的 P 操作
int sem_p(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sem;
    sem.sem_num = 0;
    sem.sem_op  = -1;
    sem.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
    int ret = semop(sem_id, &sem,1);

    return ret;
}

// 信号量的 v 操作
int sem_v(int sem_id)
{
    struct sembuf sem;
    sem.sem_num = 0;
    sem.sem_op  = 1;
    sem.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
    int ret = semop(sem_id, &sem,1);

    return ret;
}

// 销毁信号量
int sem_del(int sem_id)
{
    int ret = semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID);
    return ret;
}

#endif // __SEMAPHORE_H__

主函数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "semaphore.h"

typedef struct _shm
{
    int flag;
    int ticket;
}SHM;

void sellTicket(SHM* pshm, int sem_id)
{

    while (1)
    {
        int time = rand() % 10 + 1; 
        usleep(time*100000);

        // 信号量的P操作
        sem_p (sem_id);

        if (pshm->ticket == 0)  // 票卖完
        {
            sem_v (sem_id);
            break;
        }

        printf ("卖掉一张票，座位号是 : %d\n", pshm->ticket);
        pshm->ticket--;


        sem_v (sem_id);
    }
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    srand ((unsigned int)time(NULL));

    // 1、创建或者获取一个共享内存
    int shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(SHM), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (shmid == -1)
    {
        perror ("shmget");
        return -1;
    }

    // 创建一个信号量
    int sem_id = semget((key_t)5678, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (sem_id== -1)
    {
        perror ("semget");
        return -1;
    }   

    // 2、将共享内存映射到当前的进程空间
    SHM* pshm = (SHM*)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
    if(pshm == (SHM*)-1)
    {
        perror ("shmat");
        return -1;
    }

    // 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存和信号量进行初始化
    if (argc == 2)
    {
        pshm->ticket = 100;
        sem_init(sem_id);
    }

    // 开始卖票
    sellTicket(pshm, sem_id);


    // 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存和信号量进行删除
    if (argc == 2)
    {
        shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
        sem_del(sem_id);
    }

    return 0;
}

---

三、利用线程互斥锁

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>

int ticket = 100;   // 票

// 互斥锁
pthread_mutex_t mutex;

// 卖票线程
void *sale_ticket(void *v)
{
    int window = (int)v;

    printf ("窗口 %d  开始卖票\n", window);

    while (1)
    {
        int time = rand() % 100 + 1;
        usleep(time*10000);

        // 卖票前要先抢锁
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);

        if (ticket == 0)
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
            break;
        }

        printf ("窗口 %d  卖票了一张票 ： %d\n", window, ticket);
        ticket--;

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
}

int main()
{
    srand ((unsigned int)time(NULL));

    // 初始化互斥锁
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);

    // 创建卖票的线程
    int i = 0;
    for (i = 1; i < 5; i++)
    {
        pthread_t therad_id;
        pthread_create(&therad_id, NULL, sale_ticket, (void*)i);
        pthread_detach(therad_id);
    }


    pthread_exit(NULL);

    // 销毁互斥锁
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
    return 0;
}