1.关机&重启&注销
(1).关机
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
(2).重启
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
(3).注销
Ctrl键 + d
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
2.pwd 显示当前目录的绝对路径
pwd
[root@CentOS7 usr]
/usr
[root@CentOS7 usr]
[root@CentOS7 local]
/usr/local
3.显示IP地址的命令
Centos7默认显示IP地址的命令
ip a
ip a s eth0
Centos6默认显示IP地址的命令
yum install -y net-tools
ifconfig
ifconfig eth0
hostname
Centos7默认显示IP地址的命令
[root@CentOS7 ~]
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
====
[root@CentOS7 ~]
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@CentOS7 ~]
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@CentOS7 ~]
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ifconfig是Centos6默认显示IP地址的命令
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 669 bytes 367883 (359.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 376 bytes 48482 (47.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@CentOS7 ~]
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 699 bytes 370373 (361.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 394 bytes 51180 (49.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
hostname
[root@CentOS7 ~]
fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8%eth0 10.0.0.100
[root@CentOS7 ~]
10.0.0.100
[root@CentOS7 ~]
139.226.13.64
[root@CentOS7 ~]
IP : 139.226.13.64
地址 : 中国 上海
运营商 : 联通
数据二 : 上海市 | 联通
数据三 : 中国上海上海 | 联通
URL : http://www.cip.cc/139.226.13.64
4.cd 切换路径
cd
[root@CentOS7 local]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 /]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 /]
[root@CentOS7 usr]
[root@CentOS7 local]
/usr/local
[root@CentOS7 local]
[root@CentOS7 etc]
/usr/etc
[root@CentOS7 usr]
[root@CentOS7 etc]
/etc
[root@CentOS7 etc]
[root@CentOS7 /]
/etc
[root@CentOS7 etc]
5. ls 显示文件或者目录列表信息
ls
选项:
-l
-i
-h
-a
-S
-t
-r
-F
-d
/
*
=
|
[root@CentOS7 ~]
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1429 Jul 6 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
134317667 -rw-------. 1 root root 1429 Jul 6 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4.0K
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.4K Jul 6 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 .
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 .
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ..
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 .
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ..
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 .
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 28
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 ./
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Jul 6 09:33 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
[root@CentOS7 ~]
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 127 Jul 8 12:24 /root
[root@CentOS7 ~]
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@CentOS7 ~]
bin
boot
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
6. stat 详细显示文件的属性
stat
选项:
-c
[root@CentOS7 ~]
File: ‘passwd’
Size: 798 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 134317678 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
Access: 2020-07-14 19:13:16.904691535 +0800
Modify: 2020-07-14 19:13:12.935691465 +0800
Change: 2020-07-14 19:13:12.935691465 +0800
Birth: -
[root@CentOS7 ~]
644
7. file 详细显示文件的信息
file
[root@CentOS7 ~]
passwd: ASCII text
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/opt/: directory
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=ceaf496f3aec08afced234f4f36330d3d13a657b, stripped
[root@CentOS7 ~]
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 117680 Oct 31 2018 /bin/ls
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/etc/grub2.cfg: symbolic link to `../boot/grub2/grub.cfg'
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/dev/log: socket
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/run/systemd/initctl/fifo: fifo (named pipe)
8. tree 树状形式显示目录列表
tree
yum install -y tree
选项:
-a
-d
-h
-F
-L
/
*
=
|
[root@CentOS7 ~]
.
├── 1.txt
└── anaconda-ks.cfg
0 directories, 2 files
[root@CentOS7 ~]
.
├── 1.txt
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── .bash_logout
├── .bash_profile
├── .bashrc
├── .cshrc
└── .tcshrc
0 directories, 7 files
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/var/log
├── anaconda
├── audit
├── rhsm
└── tuned
4 directories
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/var/log
├── [ 176] anaconda
│ ├── [ 27K] anaconda.log
│ ├── [3.9K] ifcfg.log
│ ├── [1.5M] journal.log
│ ├── [ 0] ks-script-1jLLxc.log
│ ├── [197K] packaging.log
│ ├── [ 29K] program.log
│ ├── [121K] storage.log
│ ├── [275K] syslog
│ └── [ 21K] X.log
[root@CentOS7 ~]
/
├── bin -> usr/bin
├── boot
│?? ├── config-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
│?? ├── efi
│?? ├── grub
│?? ├── grub2
│?? ├── initramfs-0-rescue-73dc23c3ad884fa58a6392e44d25cfd0.img
│?? ├── initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
│?? ├── symvers-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.gz
│?? ├── System.map-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
│?? ├── vmlinuz-0-rescue-73dc23c3ad884fa58a6392e44d25cfd0
│?? └── vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
9. mkdir 创建目录
mkdir
选项:
-p
-v
-m
{}
*
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 20
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 6 09:29 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 6 09:34 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 22:56 data
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 3200 Jul 8 08:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 80 root root 8192 Jul 8 22:47 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jul 7 08:45 home
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 22:57 data
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
mkdir: created directory ‘data01’
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jul 8 12:24 1.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1458 Jul 6 09:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 22:57 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:01 data01
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:02 data02
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:03 data01
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:03 data02
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:03 data03
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 8 23:03 data04
10. touch 创建文件
touch
{}
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.js
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:27 data.xml
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data02.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data03.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data04.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data05.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data06.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data07.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data08.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data09.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 8 12:28 data10.txt
11. cp 复制,拷贝
cp
语法:
命令 源文件 目标目录
选项:
-r
-p
-d
-a === -pdr
-t
-i
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 15:32 hosts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1011 Jul 9 15:32 passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 15:33 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
cp: omitting directory ‘/opt/’
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 20
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 15:38 opt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 6 02:14 /etc/grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4229 Jul 9 09:16 grub2.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 09:11 hosts
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:14 opt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 873 Jul 9 09:11 passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 09:11 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 9 09:16 grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 09:11 hosts
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:14 opt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 873 Jul 9 09:11 passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 09:11 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 6 02:13 bin -> usr/bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 501 Jul 9 09:21 fstab
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 9 09:16 grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 09:11 hosts
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:14 opt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 873 Jul 9 09:11 passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 09:11 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
alias cp='cp -i'
[root@CentOS7 ~]
12. mv 移动和重命名文件
mv
语法:
命令 源文件 目标目录
选项:
-i
-f
-t
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 10:00 hosts
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mnt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 501 Jul 9 09:28 fstab
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 09:28 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mnt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 501 Jul 9 09:28 fstab
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 10:00 hosts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Jul 9 09:28 resolv.conf
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mot
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 10:00 host
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mot
13. rename 利用替换字符串的方式进行重命名
rename
命令 old字符串 new字符串 old文件名
[root@zzc ~]
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 31 15:17 test.txt
[root@zzc ~]
[root@zzc ~]
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 31 15:17 123.txt
14. rm 删除
rm
选项:
-i
-f
-r
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 10:00 host
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 10:08 oldboy.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
rm: remove regular file ‘host’? n
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 Jul 9 10:00 host
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 10:08 oldboy.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
alias cp='cp -i'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 9 09:59 mot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 10:08 oldboy.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]
[root@CentOS7 ~]
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 10:08 oldboy.txt
[root@CentOS7 ~]